Prevalence and Associated Factors of Khat Chewing Among Atse Fasil Campus Students, University of Gondar, North West Ethiopia June 2013

Sinshaw, Aklilu Endalamaw

doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2014.01.00040

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This finding shows that poly-substance use behavior can be found among students with a khat chewing habit [15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…dizziness, impaired cognitive functioning, fine tremor, insomnia, and headaches. Khat chewers have a significantly higher mortality rate due to chronic illnesses such as heart disease and stroke than non-khat chewers, and khat chewing among youths can increase the risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases [15–22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecently, khat chewing has become a common practice among high school, college, and university students. Regular khat chewing is thought to be a predisposing factor for different physical and mental health problems. It can lead to absenteeism from work and classes. In Ethiopia, to our knowledge no published study has investigated khat withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, withdrawal symptoms, and associated factors of khat chewing among regular undergraduate students on the main campus of Jimma University in Ethiopia.MethodsThe institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2016. Data were collected from 651 main campus regular undergraduate students with a structured, self-administered questionnaire, entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for Windows. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore associations and identify variables independently associated with khat chewing.ResultsThe study found that the lifetime and current prevalence of khat chewing among students were 26.3% (95% CI: 24.3, 28.3) and 23.9% (95% CI: 21.94, 25.86), respectively. About 25.7% of students started chewing after joining university, and 60.5% of these students started during their first year. The main reason given for starting khat chewing was for study purposes (54.6%), followed by socialization purposes (42.3%). Among current khat chewers, 72.9% reported that they had chewed khat for 1 year or more and 68.2% reported that they had experienced various withdrawal symptoms. The most frequently reported withdrawal symptoms were feeling depressed, craving, and feeling fatigued. Being male, attending a place of worship daily/2–3 times per week, cannabis use, smoking cigarettes, and having family members currently chewing khat were independently associated with khat chewing.ConclusionsThis study found that large numbers of university students were currently chewing khat. In this study withdrawal symptoms and factors that significantly affect khat chewing were identified. Besides it gave new ideas regarding khat withdrawal symptoms in Ethiopia. It serves as a critical role of providing information to form rational foundation for public health policy, prevention and planning to bring change in contributing factors for Khat chewing. The finding will be serving as base line information for further study.

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“…This finding shows that poly-substance use behavior can be found among students with a khat chewing habit [15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…This feeling of well being may affect their health seeking behavior and to come late for diagnosis. Moreover, Khat chewers believe that Khat use for relieving stress and pain [ 24 ]. A study by Glenice and Ramps showed that khat chewers in Yemen believed Khat was beneficial for mild ailments like headache, fevers and depression [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late presentation for diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV positive patients in South Tigray Zone, Ethiopia

Assen¹,

Molla²,

Wondimu³

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundIn spite of the availability and accessibility of HIV testing opportunities and efforts, people are being late to test in the course of HIV infection. Late diagnosis leads to late anti-retroviral therapy initiation which in turn results in poor treatment outcome and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of late HIV diagnosis among HIV-infected patients in South Tigray Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility based cross sectional study was conducted among HIV positive patients from February 1-30, 2014 in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected by reviewing patient medical card and interviewing using structured questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were modeled to evaluate the association of predictors with late diagnosis of HIV infection.ResultsOut of 789 study participants, 68.8 % of them were late for HIV diagnosis. Feeling healthy (65.7 %), fear of stigma and discrimination (32.4 %) and using traditional treatment (1.5 %) were reported as the main reasons for late HIV diagnosis. Use of Khat [AOR = 3.27, 95 % CI (1.75, 6.13)], bed ridden functional status [AOR = 2.66, 95 % CI (1.60, 4.42)], ambulatory functional status [AOR = 1.56, 95 % CI (1.03, 2.35)] and Muslim religion [AOR = 2.26, 95 % CI (1.13, 4.49)] were significantly associated with late presentation for HIV diagnosis.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of late HIV diagnosis was recorded in Southern Tigray Zone, Ethiopia. Public health educations and campaigns targeted at improving early diagnosis and prognosis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia should be underway.

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“…The sample size was calculated using the general formula for comparison of two means i.e. n = (S 1 2 +S 2 2 ) (Z α/2 + Z β ) 2 /d 2 where, n: sample size, Z α/2 : Z-value corresponding to 95% confidence interval, Z β : Z-value corresponding to one-sided power of 95%, S 1 : standard deviation among chewers, S 2 : standard deviation among non-chewers and d: minimum detectable difference 22. The sample size was estimated by considering the mean (standard deviation) of diastolic blood pressure as 75.0 (11.6) mmHg among Khat chewers and 72.9 (11.7) mmHg among non-chewers reported in a previous study,8 95% confidence interval (CI), 95% power, minimum detectable difference of 2.1 mmHg and design effect of 1.5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in Butajira town, Ethiopia, 50% of adults aged 15 years or older were found to be regular Khat chewers 21. Despite its adverse health impact, the prevalence of Khat chewing seems to be increasing 22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Association of Chronic Khat Chewing with Blood Pressure and Predictors of Hypertension Among Adults in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Comparative Study</p>

Geta

Woldeamanuel

Hailemariam

et al. 2019

IBPC

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PurposeThe leaves of the Khat plant contain amphetamine-like compounds which are implicated in the development of hypertension. The increase in blood pressure coincides with the plasma cathinone level. Other factors associated with hypertension are being overweight, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and stress. Thus, this study assessed the association of chronic khat chewing with hypertension and other factors associated with hypertension.Patients and MethodsAcommunity based comparative cross-sectional study was undertaken from October 5, 2018 to February 15, 2019 in Gurage zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 1200 adults (600 chewers and 600 non-chewers) aged 18 − 65 years were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire plus physical measurements and were carried out at a fixed time of the day in the morning (7: 00 am–10:00 am). Linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the determinant factors of blood pressure. The test of statistically significant association was declared by using 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05.ResultsA total of 1198 adults participated in the study giving a response rate of 99.8%. The mean age of Khat chewers were 34 (± 11.27) and non-chewers were 34.73 (± 11.48) years. The mean values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were higher in chewers than in non-chewers (p < 0.001). The prevalence of diastolic blood pressure > 80mmHg was significantly higher among Khat chewers than in non-chewers (17.4% versus 8.7%, p < 0.001). The duration of Khat chewing was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (Beta coefficient = 0.83, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (Beta coefficient = 0.51, p < 0.001). The sex, age, BMI and alcohol were significantly associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionChronic Khat chewing, male sex, BMI and alcohol were associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. To assess the cause and effect relationship between chronic Khat chewing and hypertension further studies with better defined cohorts and basic science studies need to be undertaken.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Khat Chewing Among Atse Fasil Campus Students, University of Gondar, North West Ethiopia June 2013

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

Late presentation for diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV positive patients in South Tigray Zone, Ethiopia

<p>Association of Chronic Khat Chewing with Blood Pressure and Predictors of Hypertension Among Adults in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Comparative Study</p>

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