Prevalence and Associated Risk Factor of COVID-19 and Impacts of Meteorological and Social Variables on Its Propagation in Punjab, Pakistan

Saddique, Arbab; Adnan, Shahzada; Bokhari, Habib; Azam, Asima; Rana, Muhammad Suleman; Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb; Hanif, Muhammad; Sharif, Shawana

doi:10.1007/s41748-021-00218-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Researchers grouped the patients having confirmed COVID-19 cases. About 75% of cases were above 50 years of age (Saddique et al, 2021). Our study aligned with the previous reports and about 73.4 % of patients were older than 50 years of age.…”

Section: D-dimer <200supporting

confidence: 92%

COVID-19 impact on hematological and biochemical parameters on outcomes of admitted patients

Wajahat¹,

Muhammad²,

Ali³

et al. 2023

ijhs

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COVID-19 an ongoing pandemic has high transmission and mortality rate gets the attention of researchers to focus on the disease. The burden of disease on the health care system focuses on the COVID-19 impacts on the hematological and biochemical parameters. This study aimed to focus on the laboratory indicators that fluctuate in COVID-19. The single-center cross-sectional study in the pathology department of POF hospital Wah Cantt from August 2021 to December 2021. Three hundred positive COVID-19 patients were included in the study. About 138 (46%) were males and 162 (54%) females and the mean age was 58 ± 15.06 (range 5 – 86). The biochemical indicator raised in COVID-19 included CPK (191.25 ± 507.39), CRP (68.81 ± 70.95), LDH (429.48 ± 246.96), and ALT (46.50 ± 43.23). In hematological parameters, only neutrophils elevated (70.00 ± 13.52) lymphocytes decreased. Laboratory parameters measured were similar values in recovered and death cases. The findings suggest the raised level of CRP, LDH, CPK, ALT, ferritin, D-Dimer, and neutrophils predict early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

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Section: D-dimer <200supporting

confidence: 92%

COVID-19 impact on hematological and biochemical parameters on outcomes of admitted patients

Wajahat¹,

Muhammad²,

Ali³

et al. 2023

ijhs

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“…Additionally, we noted that individuals between 19 and 39 years were more susceptible to infection. Previous reports have shown that a significant proportion of young adults were affected in most districts of Punjab [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of COVID-19 infection in Punjab; trends during five waves of infection in the province of Punjab

Javed,

Khaliq,

Mirza

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Pakistan witnessed five waves of COVID-19 infections during the pandemic. Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan, remained the epicentre due to a high infection rate. Administrative data for five waves of the pandemic was analyzed to determine the rate of infections and the significance of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on the severity and duration of infection. Methodology COVID-19 data from March 2020 to May 2023 was obtained from the Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory (PPHRL), Punjab AIDS Control Program, Lahore. The data included samples from index cases, contacts, and recovered patients. A total of 36,252,48 cases were screened for COVID-19, and 90,923 (2.50%) were detected positive by RT-PCR, accounting for 5.69% of the cases reported positive throughout the country. Results Among the positive cases, 50.86% (n = 46,244) cases were new cases (registered for the first time), 40.41% (n = 36751) were the contact cases traced from the newly identified cases and 8.62% (n = 7842) repeated cases. The positivity rates among index cases were reported to be 2.37%, 2.34%, 4.61%, 2.09%, and 1.19%, respectively, for the five respective COVID-19 pandemic waves. Distribution by gender indicated that 64% of males and 35% of females were infected during the pandemic. The age factor demonstrated the most susceptibility to infection in women aged 19-29 years, whereas most males between the ages of 29-39 had an infection. Susceptibility to COVID-19 infection was observed to be equally likely between males and females; however, clinical outcomes indicated that infections in males were more severe and often resulted in fatalities as compared to those in females. This trend was also reflected in the viral titer as measured by the Ct values, where 40% of males had Ct values < 25 (an indicator of high viral titers) compared to 30% of females with Ct values < 25. Conclusion Overall, our data indicated that infection rates remained stable throughout the pandemic except for 3rd wave, which showed a higher incidence of infection rate of 4%. Additionally, data showed a positive impact of masking, social distancing, and immunization, as indicated by the shorter window of high infection rates.

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“…Karachi is the only major port city on the Arabian Sea with approximately 30% of the nation's industrial sector which contributes more than 20% to the national GDP of Pakistan (Fazal and Hotez, 2020). However there are several other dense cities in Pakistan like Lahore and Faisalabad -that belong to Punjab which is a densely populated province and contributes 110 million people to the total population of Pakistan (Saddique et al, 2021).…”

Section: Population Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Climate Change Impacts and Tradeoffs Established Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways of IPCC AR6 using A Moderate Resolution GCM viz. MRI-ESM2-0 of CMIP6 over Pakistan

Khan¹,

Wazir²,

Riaz³

et al. 2022

economics

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Pakistan will be 100 years by the end of mid-21st century. Within its continued lifespan, it has borne witness to various climate change hazards exclusively conveyed under the umbrella of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports (ARs). Recently published IPCC’s AR6 establishes its distinctiveness by addressing co-benefits, risks, interactions, trade-offs and economic development factors associated with magnitude of climate change factors, both regionally and globally. With heavy exposure to climate change indications in recent times, implications of such factors to shared socioeconomic narratives needed attention, especially over Pakistan region. To address this, a moderate resolution General Circulation Model (GCM) viz. MRI-ESM2-0 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) was engaged to detect magnitude of potential risks associated with five Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) in the future. Change in mean state of global climate extracted over local realm was integrated with Gantt-like charts to depict severity and abruptness of the studied pathways to potential threats and balances over provinces and regions of Pakistan. Results revealed realms of risk that potentially placed the provinces and the regions at par with globally provoked hazards, yet simultaneously co-befitted them with tradeoff of boosts in economic development based on fossil fuel investments. Nevertheless predictions of such nature are constrained with global and local policy interventions, and hence are conveyed as spectrum of potential implications of the global climate change on national realms in the future.

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factor of COVID-19 and Impacts of Meteorological and Social Variables on Its Propagation in Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

COVID-19 impact on hematological and biochemical parameters on outcomes of admitted patients

COVID-19 impact on hematological and biochemical parameters on outcomes of admitted patients

Evolution of COVID-19 infection in Punjab; trends during five waves of infection in the province of Punjab

Identification of Climate Change Impacts and Tradeoffs Established Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways of IPCC AR6 using A Moderate Resolution GCM viz. MRI-ESM2-0 of CMIP6 over Pakistan

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