Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Farms in Ilorin, Nigeria

Abstract

Poultry birds are very important source of essential proteins in developing countries, but also play an important role in transmission of Salmonella to human and nonhuman. Exposure to this pathogen also occurs through use of poultry droppings as manure for crop and vegetable production. This study investigated prevalence of Salmonella in feces of poultry farms in Ilorin, Nigeria. Salmonella isolated were further characterized by molecular method. Fecal samples were cultured in pre-enrichment medium, Selenite F medium and finally sub-cultured on Salmonella-Shigella agar. None lactose fermenting colonies with black center were picked for presumptive identification using biochemical tests and confirmed by serological test by method previously described. Molecular characterization was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing following standard procedure. Out of 170 samples collected and examined, 8 (4.7%) gave biochemical characteristics that resembled Salmonella, but only 6 (3.5%) were confirmed as Salmonella by polyvalent antisera. Molecular characterization revealed that serovars isolated were Salmonella Enteritidis 3 (1.8%) and Salmonella Paratyphi 3 (1.8%). Phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining method as derived from analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed close relationship to Salmonella Paratyphi strain FB0015 16S ribosoma RNA gene partial sequence to our Salmonella Paratyphi isolates. The detection of 3.5% prevalence rate of Salmonella serovar from feces of laying poultry birds my serve as potential source of transmission of this pathogen to human through chicken meat, egg or use of poultry dropping as manure in crop or vegetable production.

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species from poultry farms in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…We reported a 21.4% prevalence of Salmonella in commercial poultry in Ibadan. Previous studies have reported the prevalence of Salmonella infection in poultry farms and chickens in Nigeria to be between 2.0% and 43.0%, 17 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 and this is similar to the prevalence reported in another study conducted in Bangladesh. 33 Salmonella have been implicated in bacteraemia, septicaemia and gastroenteriti s in humans, and their presence in poultry chickens may pose serious health risks to humans.…”

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes inSalmonella entericaserovars isolated from droppings of layer chicken in two farms in Nigeria

“…In Nigeria, Salmonella Typhi in raw beef (Orji et al 2004), in environmental samples and vegetables, irrigated with wastewater from abattoir sources (Abakpa et al 2015) has been reported. Its associate , S. Paratyphi, had been found from poultry and meat (Orji et al 2004; Ogunleye et al 2006; Babatunde et al 2017) and elsewhere by Bertelloni et al (2017). With typhoidal Salmonellosis endemic (Akinyemi and Fakorede, 2018; Fashae et al 2010; Smith et al 2016; Adikwu et al 2018), this is the first detection and report of Salmonella Typhi, a known human host‐adapted pathogen from poultry droppings in Nigeria.…”