Prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypertension and metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed patients with ketosis-onset diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypertension (HTN) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in newly diagnosed diabetes with ketosis-onset. Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted in 734 newly diagnosed diabetics including 83 type 1 diabetics with positive islet-associated autoantibodies, 279 ketosis-onset diabetics without islet-associated autoantibodies and 372 non-ketotic type 2 diabetics. The clinical characteristics of HTN and MetS were compared across the three groups, and the risk factors of them were appraised in each group. Results The prevalence of HTN and MetS were substantially higher in the ketosis-onset diabetics (34.4% for HTN and 58.8% for MetS) than in the type 1 diabetics (15.7% for HTN, P = 0.004; 25.3% for MetS, P < 0.001), but showed no remarkable difference compared with the type 2 diabetics (42.7% for HTN, P = 0.496; 72.3% for MetS, P = 0.079). Furthermore, the risk factors for both HTN and MetS in the ketosis-onset diabetics resembled those in the type 2 diabetics, but significantly different from those in the type 1 diabetics. Conclusions The prevalence of HTN and MetS in the ketosis-onset diabetics were magnificently higher than in the type 1 diabetics but showed no difference in comparison to the type 2 diabetics. Likewise, the clinical features and risk factors of HTN and MetS in the ketosis-onset diabetes resembled those in the type 2 diabetes but differed from those in the type 1 diabetes. Our findings indicate that ketosis-onset diabetes should be classified into type 2 diabetes rather than idiopathic type 1 diabetes.

<p>Prevalence and Gender Differences of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetic Individuals: A Retrospective Study</p>

“…27,28 Wang et al have investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in ketosis-onset diabetes (KOD). 11 However, the concept of KPT2D is not the same with KOD. Liu et al 5 indicated that KOD and KPD do not absolutely have the same clinical characteristics.…”

“…Some researchers have investigated a high incidence of metabolic syndrome among KPT2D individuals than T1D in adults. 10,11 However, data are limited concerning the relationship between metabolic syndrome and KPT2D in young. To improve glucose control and optimize risk factor managements, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of new-onset KPT2D in young individuals by comparing with those of TID individuals and by describing the gender differences of metabolic syndrome in young KPT2D individuals.…”

Determinant of metabolic syndrome

“…These improvements can be made by reducing saturated fat intake to reduce insulin resistance, reducing salt intake to lower blood pressure, and reducing carbohydrate intake with a high glycemic index to lower blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Wang et al ( 2019), state that respondents who are less in terms servings of vegetables and fruits mostly experience metabolic syndrome. Likewise, respondents who do not eat vegetables and fruits every day, most of them have metabolic syndrome (Sembiring et al, 2022).…”

“…That it can be said that there is no significant relationship with metabolic syndrome. This is because the number of respondents aged <60 years (35.9%) suffer from metabolic syndrome, supported by a poor diet (37.5%) and a family history of chronic diseases so that in adulthood the respondents have experienced metabolic syndrome (Wang et al, 2019).…”

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome (Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2)

“…This is because the number of respondents aged <60 years (35.9%) suffer from metabolic syndrome, supported by a poor diet (37.5%) and a family history of chronic diseases so that in adulthood the respondents have experienced metabolic syndrome. [28] The results of the multivariate test showed that the variables of length of stay, diet and age had a partial influence on the metabolic syndrome, while the variables of family history of chronic disease and physical activity had no significant effect on the metabolic syndrome. Family history of chronic disease is also very risky OR 2,736 and physical activity is also very risky OR 1 times for metabolic syndrome.…”