Prevalence and correlates of depression among HIV-infected and -affected older people in rural South Africa

Nyirenda, Makandwe; Chatterji, Somnath; Rochat, Tamsen; Mutevedzi, Portia; Newell, Marie‐Louise

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.005

Cited by 71 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In South Africa, studies of HIV positive people accessing HIV services have shown depression rates varying from 14 to 43% (Freeman, Nkomo, Kafaar, & Kelly, 2007; Hughes, Jelsma, Maclean, Darder, & Tinise, 2004; Myer et al, 2008). and poor mental health outcomes have been found in carers of both children and adults with HIV (Kuo & Operario, 2011; Nyirenda, Chatterji, Rochat, Mutevedzi, & Newell, 2013). Access to mental health care in both countries is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health of carers of children affected by HIV attending community-based programmes in South Africa and Malawi

et al. 2014

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There is strong evidence that both adults and children infected with and affected by HIV have high levels of mental health burden. Yet there have been few studies investigating carer mental health outcomes in the context of HIV in Malawi and South Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the mental health of carers of children affected by HIV as a part of the Child Community Care study, which aims to generate evidence on the effectiveness of community-based organisation (CBO) services to improve child outcomes. In a cross sectional study, we interviewed 952 carers of children (aged 4 to 13 years) attending 28 randomly selected CBOs funded by 11 major donors in South Africa and Malawi. Psychological morbidity was measured using the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) and suicidal ideation was measured using an item from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Carers were asked about care-seeking for emotional problems. Overall, 28% of carers scored above the clinical cut-off for current psychological morbidity and 12.2% reported suicidal ideation. We used logistic regression models to test factors associated with poor outcomes. Household unemployment, living with a sick family member, and perceived lack of support from the community were associated with both psychological morbidity and suicidal ideation in carers. Reported child food insecurity was also associated with psychological morbidity. In addition, carers living in South Africa were more likely to present with psychological morbidity and suicidal ideation than carers in Malawi. Rates of help-seeking for mental health problems were low. Carers of children affected by HIV are at risk for mental health problems as a result of HIV, socio-economic, care-giving and community factors. We call for increased recognition of the potential role of CBOs in providing mental health care and support for families as a means to improve equity in mental health care. Specifically, we highlight the need for increased training and supervision of staff at CBOs for children affected by HIV, and the inclusion of CBOs in broader efforts to improve population mental health outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health of carers of children affected by HIV attending community-based programmes in South Africa and Malawi

et al. 2014

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“…(7) In addition, other authors argue that women are more prone to experiencing negative social determinants, assuming a disproportional load in care delivery, and mostly correspond to a low and middle-income population, besides the accumulation of housework and child raising activities. (13,22) These study result appoint that women present higher means in the two domains, with the highest mean score for the affective/cognitive symptoms subscale. This result is similar to a study that assessed somatic and cognitive-affective depression symptoms in cardiac patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Avaliação dos sintomas depressivos somáticos e afetivo-cognitivos de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

et al. 2017

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Objective: To analyze the somatic and affective-cognitive symptoms of depression according to the sex of people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Analytic study developed at specialized care services in Ribeirão Preto-SP, including a sample of 331 participants. To collect the data, a sociodemographic characterization tool and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. Results: Among the interviewees, 50.4% were male, 52.1% of whom in the age range between 20 and 35 years. Higher education (p=0.001) and lower income (<0.001) were found for the women and more comorbidities (p=0.004) for the men. It was identified that the women presented higher mean depression scores in the somatic (p<0.001) as well as in the affective/cognitive domains (p<0.001). Conclusion: These study results appoint that the women present higher depressive symptom scores than the man, in the somatic as well as in the affective/cognitive domains of the BDI subscales. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar os sintomas somáticos e afetivo-cognitivos de depressão segundo o sexo de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Estudo analítico realizado em serviços de atendimento especializado em Ribeirão Preto-SP, com amostra de 331 participantes. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 50,4% eram do sexo masculino e destes, 52,1% estavam na faixa etária de 20 a 35 anos. As mulheres apresentaram maior escolaridade (p=0,001) e menor renda (<0,001), e os homens apresentaram mais comorbidades (p=0,004). Identificou-se que as mulheres apresentaram maiores médias de escores de depressão, tanto no domínio somático (p<0,001) quanto no afetivo/cognitivo (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo apontam que as mulheres apresentam maiores escores de sintomatologia depressiva do que os homens, tanto no domínio somático quanto no afetivo/cognitivo das subescalas do IDB.

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“…Data from SSA are scarce, presenting either the prevalence of a diagnosis of depression in PLHIV aged 50 years old or above or the age effects on depressive symptoms. In South Africa, the prevalence of major depressive disorders was 14.8% in PLHIV aged 50 years old or above on ART (45). In rural South Africa, no signi cant difference was observed between age groups among PLHIV on ART but with a small sample size for the oldest (≥50 years) (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older West African people living with HIV

Bernard

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Diallo

et al. 2020

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Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Depression has a negative impact on both mental and physical health and is mainly associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. To encourage successful aging and the achievement of the 3x90 objectives in older PLHIV, the psychological domain must not be neglected. In this context and as data are scarce in West Africa, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older PLHIV living in West Africa. Methods: Data from PLHIV aged ≥50 years and on ART since ≥6 months were collected in three clinics (two in Côte d’Ivoire, one in Senegal) participating in the West Africa International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D), and associated factors were identified using logistic regressions.Results: The median age of the 334 PLHIV included in the study was 56.7 (53.5-61.1), 57.8% were female, and 87.1% had an undetectable viral load. The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms was 17.9% [95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 13.8 - 22.0]. PLHIV with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to be unemployed (adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR)=2.8; 95%CI: 1.4-5.7), and to be current or former tobacco smokers (aOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.4) but were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-0.8).Conclusions: The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms is high among older PLHIV living in West Africa. Unemployed PLHIV and tobacco smokers should be seen as vulnerable and in need of additional support. Further studies are needed to describe in more details the reality of the aging experience for PLHIV living in SSA. The integration of screening and management of depression in the standard of care of PLHIV is crucial.

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Prevalence and correlates of depression among HIV-infected and -affected older people in rural South Africa

Cited by 71 publications

References 71 publications

Mental health of carers of children affected by HIV attending community-based programmes in South Africa and Malawi

Mental health of carers of children affected by HIV attending community-based programmes in South Africa and Malawi

Avaliação dos sintomas depressivos somáticos e afetivo-cognitivos de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

Prevalence and factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older West African people living with HIV

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