Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among inmates at two New York State correctional facilities

Alvarez, Kimberly J.; Befus, Montina; Herzig, Carolyn; Larson, Elaine

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2014.07.018

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…in Iran, who reported HCV exposure prevalences of 7.7% and 7.8%. Studies in the United States have estimated the prevalence of this disease among prisoners as 10% . The estimates provided in some studies differ significantly from ours.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…The estimates of the prevalence of HCV exposure in the general prison population of Iran obtained in the present study are consistent with the estimates provided by Ziaee et al [29] and Azarkar et al [30] in Iran, who reported HCV exposure prevalences of 7.7% and 7.8%. Studies in the United States have estimated the prevalence of this disease among prisoners as 10% [31]. The estimates provided in some studies differ significantly from ours.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV in prisoners in Iran: a national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey in 2015

Moradi

Gouya

Zavareh

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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Although vaccination is used to control HBV among prisoners, prevalence of HCV exposure is alarming in the prison population of Iran, especially among people who inject drugs. Eliminating viral hepatitis in Iran by 2030 requires a national commitment and rapid measures for targeting this high-risk group. Given the increased efficiency of HCV treatment in recent years, prisons provide an opportunity to access patients for treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV in prisoners in Iran: a national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey in 2015

Moradi

Gouya

Zavareh

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…When the prisons were examined in general; the prison inmates had risky behavioral patterns, violent tendencies, deviant sexual behavior and substance abuse; and it was found that the cleaning and hygiene procedures were not properly followed in the environments where such crowded groups live together with continued risky behaviors in prisons ( 4 ). Continued substance abuse in prisons by most of the drug addicts, common use of injection materials, tattoos and other circumstances that result in blood contact increase the risk of infections ( 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Prisoners in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Keten

Ova

Keten³

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are among the most important health issues in Turkey. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are less frequently observed in the country. The individuals who had blood transfusions, patients undergoing hemodialysis, and intravenous drug addicted individuals, people who had tattoos/piercings, communal living environments, contamination of a family member, and prisoners are the main risk groups.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to discuss the prevalence and the genotypes of hepatitis and HIV infections among a specific group, namely individuals incarcerated in prisons.Patients and MethodsTwo-hundred and sixty-six prisoners sentenced for crimes such as robbery, sexual assault, assault substance abuse or selling drugs in the Kahramanmaras closed prison were recruited for the study. Demographic data and the presence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV were investigated in the study subjects.ResultsOut of the 266 cases included in the study, 89.5% were male, 10.5% were female and the mean age was 31.21 ± 8.99 years. Risk factors were detected in 27.4% of the subjects. Out of the 73 subjects, among whom the risk factors were detected, 20.3% had intravenous substance use, 3.8% had a history of operation/transfusion, 1.9% had a history of indentation and 1.5% had unprotected sexual contact. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was 2.6%, the ratio of anti-HBs positive subjects was 35.0% and immunity was achieved with vaccination in 43% of the subjects. Anti-HCV was positive in 17.7% of the prisoners and the genotype 3 and genotype 1 were 68.1% (n = 32) and 2.1% (n = 1), respectively.ConclusionsContinued substance abuse among most of the drug addicted individuals in prisons, common use of injection materials, tattoos and other circumstances that cause blood contact increase the risk of blood-borne infections.

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“…Where sex-specific prevalence rates were available, we calculated the M:F ratio of infected persons by multiplying the M:F prevalence in each study with sex-specific prevalence data 20,28,[32][33][34][35][36]38,[41][42][43][44][45]49,52,53,64,65 by the sex ratio of the population: M:F ratio of infected persons 5 M:F prevalence ratio 3 M:F sex ratio of population This is true because: For prison studies we used the sex ratio of the respective state prison system. For homeless studies we used the estimated overall national sex ratio.…”

Section: Appendix A: Sex Ratio Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States

Edlin

Eckhardt

Shu³

et al. 2015

Hepatology

389

312

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Data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate that about 3.6 million people in the United States have antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, of whom 2.7 million are currently infected. NHANES, however, excludes several high-risk populations from its sampling frame, including people who are incarcerated, homeless, or hospitalized; nursing home residents; active-duty military personnel; and people living on Indian reservations. We undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and sought out unpublished presentations and data to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C in these excluded populations and in turn improve the estimate of the number of people with hepatitis C in the United States. The available data do not support a precise result, but we estimated that 1.0 million (range 0.4 million-1.8 million) persons excluded from the NHANES sampling frame have hepatitis C virus antibody, including 500,000 incarcerated people, 220,000 homeless people, 120,000 people living on Indian reservations, and 75,000 people in hospitals. Most are men. An estimated 0.8 million (range 0.3 million-1.5 million) are currently infected. Several additional sources of underestimation, including nonresponse bias and the underrepresentation of other groups at increased risk of hepatitis C that are not excluded from the NHANES sampling frame, were not addressed in this study. Conclusion The number of US residents who have been infected with hepatitis C is unknown but is probably at least 4.6 million (range 3.4 million-6.0 million), and of these, at least 3.5 million (range 2.5 million-4.7 million) are currently infected; additional sources of potential underestimation suggest that the true prevalence could well be higher.

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Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among inmates at two New York State correctional facilities

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV in prisoners in Iran: a national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey in 2015

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV in prisoners in Iran: a national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey in 2015

The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Among Prisoners in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States

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