Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Tehran

Zamani, Saman; Ichikawa, Seiichi; Nassirimanesh, Bijan; Vazirian, Mohsen; Ichikawa, Kazuko; Gouya, Mohammad Mehdí; Afshar, Parviz; Ono-Kihara, Masako; Ravari, Shahrzad Mortazavi; Kihara, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.02.007

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Intravenous drug abusers not only have the highest prevalence of HCV infection but also constitute a potential reservoir of HCV in the community [20]. In a study that was done in 2004 among 202 IVDU, 105 (52.0%) were found to be positive for HCV antibodies using oral samples [21]. In the present study, 43(41.7%) blood donors had history of intravenous drug users (IVDU) and tattooing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Identification of HCV genotypes in HCV infected blood donors

Sharifi¹,

Shooshtari²,

Kermani³

2010

Indian J Microbiol

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HCV infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis of the liver. There are at least six major genotypes and more than 50 subtypes of HCV. The prevalence and distribution of HCV genotypes depend on geographical location. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the HCV genotypes in HCV infected blood donors and patients. In this cross-sectional study, 167 serum samples from 103 blood donors and 64 patients with hepatitis C were investigated for HCV genotypes. HCV genotyping was carried out using type-specifi c primers from the core region of the viral genome. The highest frequency was for genotype 1a, with 53 and 34 (51.5% versus 53.1%) of subjects in blood donors and patients respectively. Genotype 3a and 1b were the other frequent genotypes with 4 and 16 (3.9% versus 25%) and 39 and 10 (37.9% versus 15.6%) subjects, respectively. There was not any statistical signifi cant association between the place of infection of the patients and genotype. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of genotypes in the two populations was similar. The dominant HCV genotypes between blood donors and patients were 1a, 3a and 1b respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There are several studies in Iran showing that injecting drug use is one of the main factors associated with the prevalence of HCV infection [20][21][22][23]. Intravenous drug abusers not only have the highest prevalence of HCV infection but also constitute a potential reservoir of HCV in the community [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of HCV genotypes in HCV infected blood donors

Sharifi¹,

Shooshtari²,

Kermani³

2010

Indian J Microbiol

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“…La prevalencia (1,5%) fue baja en relación con los porcentajes reportados en otras cárceles de Estados Unidos, Irlanda, España, México y Brasil (6,16,17,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), y en quienes están en hemodiálisis o reciben transfusiones múltiples en Venezuela (34)(35)(36). Sin embargo, concuerda con las bajas prevalencias observadas en la población general, trabajadoras sexuales, usuarios de drogas intravenosas y donantes de este país (33,38,39), lo cual sugiere una baja circulación del virus en la región.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Estudios previos señalan el uso de drogas intravenosas como factor determinante en la adquisición de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en instituciones carcelarias (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) Prevalencia de hepatitis C en reclusos tamaño de la muestra estudiada no se puede descartar que los hábitos sexuales y el uso de tatuajes jueguen un papel en la transmisión de la infección en la cárcel de Sabaneta, Maracaibo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En centros penitenciarios, la mayoría de los prisioneros presentan conductas de alto riesgo para infecciones de transmisión parenteral y sexual, y algunas de ellas propician la adquisición de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C. Estudios realizados en estas poblaciones indican que el principal factor de riesgo, es el uso de drogas intravenosas (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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Baja prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en una población de reclusos, Maracaibo, Venezuela

et al. 2009

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Introducción. Las conductas de alto riesgo presentes en los centros de reclusión incrementan la probabilidad de transmisión de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C. En Venezuela no se han realizado estudios del virus en estos centros, por lo que se desconoce la relevancia de la infección en ellos. Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia del virus de la hepatitis C y los posibles factores de riesgos involucrados en la transmisión del virus en reclusos de la cárcel de Sabaneta, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Material y métodos. Se seleccionó una población de 200 reclusos de un total de 1.000.Las edades estaban comprendidas entre 18 y 69 años (media ± DE: 31,62 ± 9,93 años). La detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C se realizó por duplicado mediante el método inmunoenzimático ELISA de IV generación y por el método de inmunoblot INNO-LIA HCV®, ambos de Innogenetic Lab (Bélgica). El ARN viral se detectó por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, previa transcripción inversa, RT-PCR. Resultados. La frecuencia obtenida con el método ELISA fue de 5% (10/200) y 3/200 (1,5%) individuos fueron positivos, a la vez, con los métodos de INNO-LIA y RT-PCR. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en esta población fue baja, lo que evidencia la baja circulación del virus en el reclusorio. El principal factor de riesgo para la adquisición de la infección, al parecer, es el uso de drogas intravenosas.Palabras clave: hepatitis C, prevalencia, prisioneros, Venezuela. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in a prisoner population from Maracaibo, VenezuelaIntroduction. The high risk behaviors observed in prison centers have favored the transmission of hepatitis C virus infection. The main risk factor to acquire hepatitis C virus infection seems to be the use of intravenous drugs. In Venezuela, the prevalence of the infection in these centers is unknown since studies of the hepatitis C virus there are lacking. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus and the risk factors involved in the transmission in prisoner populations. Material and methods. A sample of 200 prisoners was studied from Sabaneta Jail, Maracaibo, Venezuela. The ages were between 18-69 years (average ± DS: 31.6±9.9 years). Serum samples were tested by a fourth generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA and a confirmatory assay INNO-LIA. Both kits were from Innogenetic Laboratories N.V. (Belgium). Viral RNA was tested by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR). Results. The ELISA assay determined a hepatitis C virus prevalence of 5.0% (10/200); 3/200 (1.5%) individuals were positive by both INNO-LIA and RT-PCR tests.

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Hepatitis C genotype distribution and homology among geographically disparate injecting drug users in Afghanistan

Sanders‐Buell

Rutvisuttinunt

Todd

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is high among injecting drug users in Afghanistan, but transmission dynamics are poorly understood. Samples from HCV-infected injecting drug users were sequenced to determine circulating genotypes and potential transmission linkages. Serum samples were obtained from injecting drug user participants in Hirat, Jalalabad, and Mazar-i-Sharif between 2006 and 2008 with reactive anti-HCV rapid tests. Specimens with detected HCV viremia were amplified and underwent sequence analysis. Of 113 samples evaluated, 25 samples (35.2%) were only typeable in NS5B, nine samples (12.7%) were only typeable in CE1, and 37 samples (52.1%) were genotyped in both regions. Of those with typeable HCV, all were Afghan males with a mean age of 31.1 (standard deviation [SD] ± 8.0) years and mean duration of injecting of 3.9 (SD ± 4.3) years. Most reported residence outside Afghanistan in the last decade (90.1%) and prior incarceration (76.8%). HCV genotypes detected were: 1a, (35.2%, n = 25), 3a (62.0%, n = 44), and 1b (2.8%, n = 2). Cluster formation was detected in NS5B and CE1 and were generally from within the same city. All participants within clusters reported being a refugee in Iran compared to 93.5% of those outside clusters. Only 22.2% (4/11) of those within clusters had been refugees in Pakistan and these four individuals had also been refugees in Iran. Predominance of genotype 3a and the association between HCV viremia and having been a refugee in Iran potentially reflects migration between Afghanistan and Iran among IDUs from Mazar-i-Sharif and Hirat and carry implications for harm reduction programs for this migratory population.

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Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Tehran

Cited by 71 publications

References 12 publications

Identification of HCV genotypes in HCV infected blood donors

Identification of HCV genotypes in HCV infected blood donors

Baja prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en una población de reclusos, Maracaibo, Venezuela

Hepatitis C genotype distribution and homology among geographically disparate injecting drug users in Afghanistan

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