Prevalence and Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women

Price, Chester W.; Peters, Remco P. H.; Steyn, Janré; Mudau, Maanda; Olivier, Dawie; Vos, Lindsey De; Morikawa, Erika; Kock, Marleen M.; Medina‐Marino, Andrew; Klausner, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000756

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, we previously reported on a sub-study involving TV culture in a subset of women with persistent positive TV results. 32 In that study we found that 50% of participants with a positive test-of-cure results had viable organisms. That study also found that test-of-cure PCR cycle threshold value from test-of-cure specimens was predictive of T. vaginalis culture positivity, and thus viable infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study is to assess the predictors and frequency of persistent sexually transmitted infection (STI) positivity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women treated for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection. We enrolled HIV-infected pregnant women attending their first antenatal care visit and tested them for urogenital CT, NG and TV infection using Xpert® CT/NG and TV assays (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Those testing positive were treated. Participants either notified partners to seek treatment or were given extra medication to deliver to partners for treatment. Repeat testing was conducted approximately 21 days post-treatment or treatment initiation. Among 427 participants, 172 (40.3%) tested positive for any STI. Of the 136 (79.1%) that returned for repeat testing, 36 (26.5%) tested positive for the same organism: CT = 27 (26.5%), NG = 1 (6.3%), TV = 11 (16.7%). Persistent CT positivity was independently associated with having more than one sex partner in the preceding 12 months (adjusted-prevalence ratio [aPR] = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.44–6.37) and being newly diagnosed with HIV infection during the first antenatal care visit compared to those currently on antiretroviral therapy (aPR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.09–14.43). Persistent TV positivity was associated with not knowing if a partner sought treatment following STI disclosure (aPR = 12.6, 95% CI: 2.16–73.5) and prior diagnosis of HIV but not currently on antiretroviral therapy. (aPR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.25–13.79). We identified a high proportion of HIV-infected pregnant women with persistent CT or TV positivity after treatment. To decrease the risk of re-infection, enhanced strategies for partner treatment programmes are needed to improve the effectiveness of STI screening and treatment in pregnancy. The relationship between not being on antiretroviral therapy and persistent STI positivity needs further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa

et al. 2020

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“…With the advent of AIDS, all STI have assumed great importance in the context of public health, since all are considered as facilitators of HIV infection [4]. Thus, new strategies that increase STI screening coverage are needed globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reduce adverse health effects, in particular the facilitation of HIV acquisition and transmission and undesirable clinical outcomes in pregnancy and perinatal morbidity [3][4][5], the combination of self-collection coupled with the rapid immunochromatographic test for T. vaginalis would be an ideal combination when utilized in remote areas such as riverside communities. The woman would apply the self-sampling in a private setting, take the test, have the result quickly, and receive the medication, going well beyond the syndromic approach [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that in women, more than 80% of T. vaginalis infections are asymptomatic, so they can persist for several months. When symptoms are present, the most common include vaginal discharge, odor, dysuria and pruritus [2][3][4]33]. Of the 17 infected women, eight (47.0%) reported symptoms, which were: pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, pruritus and dysuria, with overlapping clinical complaints in some women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its high incidence, Trichomonas vaginalis infection has not received much attention from the Brazilian Health System, which is most likely due to its severe symptomology, but is not considered as not very serious. Only recently, T. vaginalis infection has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects for women (and the unborn baby), including preterm birth, low birth weight, post hysterectomy infection, inflammatory pelvic disease and infertility [2][3][4]. One of the most serious associations has been the role of T. vaginalis infection in facilitating the acquisition and transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), as it has been postulated to increase the risk of contamination by 2 to 3 times [2,[4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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T. vaginalis in riverside women in Amazonia, Brazil: an experience using the EVALYN® BRUSH vaginal self-collection device

Rocha

Azevedo

Batista

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The challenges related to the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections present more complex factors in remote and hard-to-reach areas. The use of self-collection devices that facilitate the obtaining of a biological sample with high quality for sensitive molecular tests have been examined. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and acceptance of the Evalyn® Brush (Rovers® Medical Devices) for detection of T. vaginalis among women living in the riverside communities of Amazonas, Brazil. Methodology: The study included 300 riverside women. They received instructions for self-collection, carried out the task, and then answered a questionnaire on the use of the device. T. vaginalis was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction, using primers TVK3/TVK7. Results: The mean age of the women was 35.8 years, and most of them presented low schooling, low income, agricultural activity and lived in a marital union. All samples were positive for human genomic DNA (100%) and the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was 5.6% (n = 17). Of the 300 women, 293 (97.7%) indicated that they liked the use of the device, 287 (95.7%) reported having had no difficulty in handling it, 265 (88.3%) did not feel any type of discomfort and 228 (76%) said they preferred the self-collection to the collection made by the professional, mainly due to privacy and comfort. Conclusions: The Evalyn® Brush proved reliable as a device for the collection of biological samples for molecular analysis and was well-accepted by women. Its use can be indicated in remote and hard to reach places.

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Detection of metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis using uncultured vaginal swabs

et al. 2022

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Prevalence and Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa

Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa

T. vaginalis in riverside women in Amazonia, Brazil: an experience using the EVALYN® BRUSH vaginal self-collection device

Detection of metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis using uncultured vaginal swabs

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