Prevalence and determinants of anti-lytic and anti-latent antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 among Italian individuals at risk of sexually and parenterally transmitted infections

Rezza, Giovanni; Lennette, Evelyne T.; Giuliani, Massimo; Pezzotti, Patrizio; Caprilli, F.; Monini, Paolo; Buttò, Stefano; Lodi, G; Carlo, Aldo Di; Levy, Jay A.; Ensoli, Barbara

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980729)77:3<361::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Increase in seroprevalence with age has been found in many studies (7,246,269). In central African countries with high seroprevalences, such as Cameroon (112), French Guiana (230), and Uganda (190), seropositivity increased with age and usually reached adult prevalence before puberty.…”

Section: Seroepidemiologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Spectrum of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, or Human Herpesvirus 8, Diseases

Ablashi¹,

Chatlynne²,

Whitman³

et al. 2002

Clin Microbiol Rev

278

182

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Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), discovered in 1994, is a human rhadinovirus (gamma-2 herpesvirus). Unlike other human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6, and HHV-7), it is not widespread in the general population and has many unique proteins. HHV-8 is strongly associated with all subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease, and a rare form of B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma. In addition, HHV-8 DNA sequences have been found in association with other diseases, but the role of the virus in these diseases is largely unconfirmed and remains controversial. The seroprevalence of HHV-8, based on detection of latent and lytic proteins, is 2 to 5% in healthy donors except in certain geographic areas where the virus is endemic, 80 to 95% in classic KS patients, and 40 to 50% in HIV-1 patients without KS. This virus can be transmitted both sexually and through body fluids (e.g., saliva and blood). HHV-8 is a transforming virus, as evidenced by its presence in human malignancies, by the in vitro transforming properties of several of its viral genes, and by its ability to transform some primary cells in culture. It is not, however, sufficient for transformation, and other cofactors such as immunosuppressive cytokines are involved in the development of HHV-8-associated malignancies. In this article, we review the biology, molecular virology, epidemiology, transmission, detection methods, pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy of this newly discovered human herpesvirus

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Section: Seroepidemiologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Spectrum of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, or Human Herpesvirus 8, Diseases

Ablashi¹,

Chatlynne²,

Whitman³

et al. 2002

Clin Microbiol Rev

278

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, 28% of Italian blood donors were found to be HHV-8 seropositive by IFA in a recent published study 37 . This is similar to another study where 23% of the control group comprised of healthy volunteers and patients with various dermatological diseases from central and southern regions of Italy had HHV-8 DNA in their PBMCs 38 .…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hhv-8 Infection -Serological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma

Leão¹,

Caterino–de–Araujo

Porter

et al. 2002

Rev. Hosp. Clin.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on human herpesvirus 8 with particular attention to the aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of human herpesvirus 8 infection, including virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, therapy, and Kaposi's sarcoma etiopathogenesis. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: Human herpesvirus 8 is a recently discovered DNA virus that is present throughout the world but with major geographic variation. In the Western world, the virus, transmitted mainly by means of sexual contact, is strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity-based lymphoma and more controversially with multiple myeloma and other non-proliferative disorders. There is no specific effective treatment, but HIV protease inhibitors may play an indirect role in the clearance of human herpesvirus 8 DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus 8 DNA is present in saliva, but there are as yet no documented cases of nosocomial transmission to health care workers. The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among health care workers is probably similar to that in the general population. CONCLUSION: Human herpesvirus 8 appears to be, at least in Western Europe and United States, restricted to a population at risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 certainly has the means to overcome cellular control and immune responses and thus predispose carriers to malignancy, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma. The wide diffusion of Human herpesvirus 8 in classic Kaposi's sarcoma areas appears to represent an important factor in the high incidence of the disease. However, additional co-factors are likely to play a role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma.

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“…For example, in Thailand, where there is a high prevalence of HIV but a low prevalence of AIDS-associated KS, only 2 to 12% of HIV-1-positive homosexual men were KSHV seropositive (a value only slightly higher than that for the general population in that country) (27). In regions where classic KS is common, such as Rome, patients at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic with the highest relative KS risk were homosexual HIV-positive males (429), also suggesting a coevolving AIDS-related KS epidemic.…”

Section: Aids-associated Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Dourmishev

Palmeri

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

309

367

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Kaposi's sarcoma had been recognized as unique human cancer for a century before it manifested as an AIDS-defining illness with a suspected infectious etiology. The discovery of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus-8, in 1994 by using representational difference analysis, a subtractive method previously employed for cloning differences in human genomic DNA, was a fitting harbinger for the powerful bioinformatic approaches since employed to understand its pathogenesis in KS. Indeed, the discovery of KSHV was rapidly followed by publication of its complete sequence, which revealed that the virus had coopted a wide armamentarium of human genes; in the short time since then, the functions of many of these viral gene variants in cell growth control, signaling apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation have been characterized. This critical literature review explores the pathogenic potential of these genes within the framework of current knowledge of the basic herpesvirology of KSHV, including the relationships between viral genotypic variation and the four clinicoepidemiologic forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, current viral detection methods and their utility, primary infection by KSHV, tissue culture and animal models of latent- and lytic-cycle gene expression and pathogenesis, and viral reactivation from latency. Recent advances in models of de novo endothelial infection, microarray analyses of the host response to infection, receptor identification, and cloning of full-length, infectious KSHV genomic DNA promise to reveal key molecular mechanisms of the candidate pathogeneic genes when expressed in the context of viral infection

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Prevalence and determinants of anti-lytic and anti-latent antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 among Italian individuals at risk of sexually and parenterally transmitted infections

Cited by 88 publications

References 23 publications

Spectrum of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, or Human Herpesvirus 8, Diseases

Spectrum of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, or Human Herpesvirus 8, Diseases

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

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