Prevalence and determinants of direct and generative modes of production of episodic future thoughts in the word cueing paradigm

Jeunehomme, Olivier; D’Argembeau, Arnaud

doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.993663

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The deliberate episodic future thinking task was unusual in that participants, after careful briefing, were free to produce either a past memory or a future event/scenario in response to each of the 10 words. These instructions would presumably favour more 'direct' or spontaneous retrieval or construction of events than standard versions of episodic future task (see also Jeunehomme & D'Argembeau, 2016). Under these modified task instructions, the results showed a clear dominance for past than future events in all age groups and, surprisingly, no significant age effects in the number of past and future thoughts produced.…”

Section: Development Across the Life Spanmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spontaneous future cognition: the past, present and future of an emerging topic

Cole

Kvavilashvili

2019

Psychological Research

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In this Editorial, we discuss the past, present and future of an emerging and fast-developing field-spontaneous future cognition. In tracking the past of this research, the trajectories of research on mind-wandering, episodic future thinking and prospective memory are briefly examined, and their relation with spontaneous future cognition demarcated. Three broad methodological approaches (questionnaire, naturalistic and laboratory) used to study spontaneous future thoughts are described, providing an overview of the field. The present state of this research is represented by a themed analysis of the articles included in this Special Issue. The breadth of studies (covering cognitive mechanisms, developmental stages and psychopathology) have already led to important insights, especially concerning the conditions in which spontaneous future thoughts most commonly arise and who may be predisposed to experiencing them. In the future, greater effort should focus on developing a theoretical account of spontaneous future cognition-this may increase our understanding of how and why spontaneous future thoughts occur. If future research in this area reflects the diversity and depth within this Special Issue, a flourishing of research on spontaneous future cognition will be on the horizon in years or perhaps decades to come.

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Section: Development Across the Life Spanmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spontaneous future cognition: the past, present and future of an emerging topic

Cole

Kvavilashvili

2019

Psychological Research

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“…For instance, the word “painting” may trigger a future reminding (e.g., a thought related to remembering to carry out a future intention of going to an art exhibit this weekend; Ellis & Nimmo-Smith, 1993; Kvavilashvili & Fisher, 2007; Plimpton et al, 2015; Reese & Cherry, 2002; Sellen, Louie, Harris, & Wilkins, 1997; Szarras & Niedzwienska, 2011), or a memory for the content of a future simulation (remembering a future thought of being at the museum with a friend; Ingvar, 1985; Szpunar, Addis, McLelland, & Schacter, 2013). It is also possible that the presentation of the word could spontaneously trigger a novel thought about the future (Jeunehomme & D’Argembeau, 2016). However, on average, the probability that a given task stimulus will trigger a future thought may be lower than the probability that the same stimulus will trigger a past-oriented thought, perhaps because participants have likely encountered most of these stimuli in their daily lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind-wandering and task stimuli: Stimulus-dependent thoughts influence performance on memory tasks and are more often past- versus future-oriented

Maillet

Seli

Schacter

2017

Consciousness and Cognition

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Although many studies have indicated that participants frequently mind-wander during experimental tasks, relatively little research has examined the extent to which such thoughts are triggered by task stimuli (stimulus-dependent thoughts; SDTs) versus internally triggered (stimulus-independent thoughts; SITs). In the current experiment, we assessed differences in the frequency and characteristics of SDTs and SITs, as well as their associations with subsequent memory in young adults. Whereas frequency of SDTs (but not SITs) increased in a task with more meaningful stimuli, frequency of SITs (but not SITs) increased in an easier task. Furthermore, only SDTs were more likely to be past- versus future-oriented. Finally, frequency and vividness of SDTs during a shallow, but not a deep, incidental encoding task both correlated with later memory performance for word stimuli. These results suggest that SDTs differ from SITs in several important ways.

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“…However, these theories do not explicitly offer an account of the role of spontaneous processes in future thinking (but see Jeunehomme & D'Argembeau, 2016). What of future thoughts that arise in consciousness 'out of the blue' (i.e., unintended) and do not appear to require constructive processes?…”

Section: The Standard Approach To Episodic Future Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and deliberate future thinking: a dual process account

Cole

Kvavilashvili

2019

Psychological Research

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In this article, we address an apparent paradox in the literature on mental time travel and mind-wandering: How is it possible that future thinking is both constructive, yet often experienced as occurring spontaneously? We identify and describe two 'routes' whereby episodic future thoughts are brought to consciousness, with each of the 'routes' being associated with separable cognitive processes and functions. Voluntary future thinking relies on controlled, deliberate and slow cognitive processing. The other, termed involuntary or spontaneous future thinking, relies on automatic processes that allows 'fullyfledged' episodic future thoughts to freely come to mind, often triggered by internal or external cues. To unravel the paradox, we propose that the majority of spontaneous future thoughts are 'pre-made' (i.e., each spontaneous future thought is a reiteration of a previously constructed future event), and therefore based on simple, well-understood, memory processes. We also propose that the pre-made hypothesis explains why spontaneous future thoughts occur rapidly, are similar to involuntary memories, and predominantly about upcoming tasks and goals. We also raise the possibility that spontaneous future thinking is the default mode of imagining the future. This dual process approach complements and extends standard theoretical approaches that emphasise constructive simulation, and outlines novel opportunities for researchers examining voluntary and spontaneous forms of future thinking.

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Prevalence and determinants of direct and generative modes of production of episodic future thoughts in the word cueing paradigm

Abstract: In press, Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyWord count: 11,368 words (including references)

Cited by 48 publications

References 54 publications

Spontaneous future cognition: the past, present and future of an emerging topic

Spontaneous future cognition: the past, present and future of an emerging topic

Mind-wandering and task stimuli: Stimulus-dependent thoughts influence performance on memory tasks and are more often past- versus future-oriented

Spontaneous and deliberate future thinking: a dual process account

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