Prevalence and Distribution of Superantigen Toxin Genes in Clinical Community Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus

Elazhari, Mohamed; Elhabchi, Driss; Zerouali, Khalid; Dersi, Noureddine; Elmalki, Abdeloihed

doi:10.4172/2155-9597.1000107

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Opere et al 2013 reported that erythromycin level of resistance was 32%, which was consistent with our results [35]. Resistance towards tobramycin in this study was coherent with Schmitz et al 1999 who demonstrated that 29% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to tobramycin [36], while Elazhari et al 2011 showed that only 1.43% of isolates were resistant [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…88% of isolates harbored one or more enterotoxin genes. This result was to some extent in accordance with the studies of Elazhari et al 2011 andCao et al 2012 who found toxigenicity levels of (76.4% and 93.5%) respectively [37] [47], however, Becker et al 2003 andNaffa et al 2006, reported a lower level of toxigenicity 43% and 23%, respectively [48] [49].…”

Section: Isolate Code Non Multi-drug Resistantsupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources

Mohammed¹,

Abdel-Rhman²,

Barwa³

et al. 2016

AiM

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Staphylococcus aureus represents a public health challenge all over the world. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of five genes (sea, seb, sec, see and seg) encoding the staphylococcal enterotoxins in S. aureus isolated from different sources and to evaluate the association of these toxins in comparison to susceptibility towards 12 antimicrobials; antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted by disc diffusion method. Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins was performed by PCR and the ability to express these genes was assessed among isolates by RT-PCR. The most common enterotoxin gene was sea gene (66%), followed by seb, sec, see and seg (38%, 23%, 19% and 5%) respectively. Expression of sea, seb and seg genes was variable. However, sec and see genes were not expressed by any of the tested isolates. No statistically significant association exists between (seb, sec and see) and isolation sources, while the sea was significantly associated with clinical isolates. High significant correlation was found between elevated sea expression and multidrug-resistance. Our findings indicate that the pathogenic potential of S. aureus may be greater than previously thought. This emphasizes the utmost need to implement proactive measures and more emphasis will be placed on the application of hygiene practices in hospitals to control S. aureus infection and enterotoxins production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Isolate Code Non Multi-drug Resistantsupporting

confidence: 90%

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources

Mohammed¹,

Abdel-Rhman²,

Barwa³

et al. 2016

AiM

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“…In recent study, conducted by Elhamzaoui et al (2009), the rate of MRSA was 13.5% (by using agar diffusion method with cefoxitin 30) among S. aureus strains isolated from various samples collected in several care units in two Moroccan teaching hospitals. Lowest values are found among community S. aureus strains isolated from different specimens collected in several private laboratories, 1.9 and 1.4% rates are reported by studies of Belabbes et al (2001) and Elazhari et al (2011), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in centers of Casablanca (Morocco)

Elazhari¹,

Elothmani²,

Errouagui³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among patients and personnel of private centers at Casablanca, and to determine the resistance pattern of isolates. The carriage of virulence toxin genes by the methicillin resistant strains was also investigated. This study was conducted from November 2008 to February 2009. Nasal swabs were taken from 145 and 42 patients and personnel respectively. The susceptibility testing to 16 antibiotics was performed using the agar disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of oxacillin were determined by the agar dilution method for all strains demonstrating resistance to cefoxitin. In addition, resistant isolates were examined for the existence of the mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, the carriage of 22 virulence toxin genes among strains showing resistance to cefoxitin was investigated by PCR Multiplex. The prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus was 32.4% (n=47) and 38.1% (n=16) in patients and personnel, respectively. Patients' strains showed 16 resistance patterns against only 4 in personnel strains. No S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to lincomycin, pristinamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin and vancomycin, while over 90% (n = 59) were resistant to penicillin G. For the other antibiotics, the percentage of resistance varied between 2.63 and 18.75%. One S. aureus (1.6%) was methicillin resistant by possession of mecA gene. This isolate harboured the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes sec, sed, sell, selm, selo, ser and toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tst). Investigation of S. aureus nasal carriage and characterization of isolates among patients undergoing hemodialysis is important to develop infection prevention and to limit the spread of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains.

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“…Several Multipex PCR for parallel detection of the presence of the following genes were performed: the classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec and sed), SEs and SEls (seh, selk, sell, Selm, selo, selp, and selr), and the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), toxins of inhibiting differentiation of epidermal cells (edinA, edinB, edinC), the exfoliantines or epidermolysins (eta etb, etd), the leukotoxins M and the Panto valentine (lukM, lukPV) and beta hemolysins (hLB) (Elazhari et al, 2011).…”

Section: Detection Of Staphylococcal Toxin Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of biofilm formation, icaADBC gene and investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococus spp. strain from dental unit waterlines, University Hospital Center (UHC) Tlemcen Algeria

Lachachi¹,

Hassaïne²,

Nayme³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The formation of biofilms on pieces of equipment and dental chair unit waterlines has attracted more interest and concern. This study aimed to assess the reliability of two phenotypic methods used to detect the presence of biofilms and the icaADBC operon, and identify various toxin genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical staphylococcal isolates. A total of thirty-one (31) staphylococcal strains were isolated from waterline tubings in the dental unit. Two phenotypic methods were used for the detection of biofilm production. PCR detected the presence of the ica operon, and a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of staphylococcal toxin genes was done. Biofilm production was detected in twenty-six (83.87%) isolates by tissue culture plate method (TCP). The CRA method indicated that twenty (64.51%) of these strains could produce slime. By using the ica operon test, the genotypic ability to form biofilm in was identified in fourteen (45.16%) strains. Five (16.12%) strains of Staphylococcus warneri harbored one or more toxin genes detected by PCR multiplex. The presence of ica operon gene does not always have relationship with in vitro biofilm formation and genes encoding the staphylococcal toxin. Among the strains studied, few of them had the ica operon, toxin gene, and phenotypic ability to form a biofilm at the same time.

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Prevalence and Distribution of Superantigen Toxin Genes in Clinical Community Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in centers of Casablanca (Morocco)

Detection of biofilm formation, icaADBC gene and investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococus spp. strain from dental unit waterlines, University Hospital Center (UHC) Tlemcen Algeria

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Prevalence and Distribution of Superantigen Toxin Genes in Clinical Community Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; Isolated from Various Sources

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; Isolated from Various Sources

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in centers of Casablanca (Morocco)

Detection of biofilm formation, icaADBC gene and investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococus spp. strain from dental unit waterlines, University Hospital Center (UHC) Tlemcen Algeria

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Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources

Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources