Prevalence and diversity of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F in honey produced in the Nordic countries

Nevas, Mari; Lindström, Miia; Hautamäki, Kirsi; Puoskari, Satu; Korkeala, Hannu

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.04.007

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Physiologically, groups I and II differ markedly from each other as well as from groups III and IV. Genomic analysis of group I and II C. botulinum strains by 16S rrn sequencing (13), ribotyping (10), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (11,15,16) is consistent with the divergent physiologies of the two groups (18).Nordic C. botulinum group I strains show a remarkable homogeneity (15,20,21,23). In a large pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, the majority of group I strains isolated from various sources from Finland, Norway, and Denmark formed type B neurotoxin and clustered into two large groups, with the members of each group sharing identical or nearly identical restriction patterns (20, 23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of Two Predominant Nordic Group I (Proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum Type B Clusters

Lindström

Hinderink

Somervuo

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 32 Nordic group I Clostridium botulinum type B strains isolated from various sources revealed two homogeneous clusters, clusters BI and BII. The type B strains differed from reference strain ATCC 3502 by 413 coding sequence (CDS) probes, sharing 88% of all the ATCC 3502 genes represented on the microarray. The two Nordic type B clusters differed from each other by their response to 145 CDS probes related mainly to transport and binding, adaptive mechanisms, fatty acid biosynthesis, the cell membranes, bacteriophages, and transposon-related elements. The most prominent differences between the two clusters were related to resistance to toxic compounds frequently found in the environment, such as arsenic and cadmium, reflecting different adaptive responses in the evolution of the two clusters. Other relatively variable CDS groups were related to surface structures and the gram-positive cell wall, suggesting that the two clusters possess different antigenic properties. All the type B strains carried CDSs putatively related to capsule formation, which may play a role in adaptation to different environmental and clinical niches. Sequencing showed that representative strains of the two type B clusters both carried subtype B2 neurotoxin genes. As many of the type B strains studied have been isolated from foods or associated with botulism, it is expected that the two group I C. botulinum type B clusters present a public health hazard in Nordic countries. Knowing the genetic and physiological markers of these clusters will assist in targeting control measures against these pathogens.Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin during its growth. The toxin causes a potentially lethal paralytic disease, botulism, in humans and animals. The classical foodborne botulism follows the consumption of toxin-containing food or drink, while infant and adult intestinal botulism results from in vivo spore germination, outgrowth, and toxin production in the gut. Apart from attenuated intestinal microbial population, other factors affecting the colonization of C. botulinum in the intestinal forms of botulism are not known.Based on their physiology and genetic background, C. botulinum strains are divided into groups I to IV (13). Strains of groups I and II are associated with human disease. Group I strains produce neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and/or F, while the group II strains produce type B, E, or F toxin. Physiologically, groups I and II differ markedly from each other as well as from groups III and IV. Genomic analysis of group I and II C. botulinum strains by 16S rrn sequencing (13), ribotyping (10), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (11,15,16) is consistent with the divergent physiologies of the two groups (18).Nordic C. botulinum group I strains show a remarkable homogeneity (15,20,21,23). In a large pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, the majority of group I strains isolated from various sources from Finland, Norway, and Denmark formed type B neurotoxin and...

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of Two Predominant Nordic Group I (Proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum Type B Clusters

Lindström

Hinderink

Somervuo

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…However, since 2003 a human-derived immune globulin (75) has been available in the United States and has been shown to significantly shorten the hospitalization period and decrease the treatment costs (209). The only foodstuffs that have been associated with infant botulism are honey (19), which may carry high numbers of C. botulinum spores (11,52,158,159), and infant milk powder (29). Dust and other materials in the environment also seem to be important sources of spores (11, 52a, 161).…”

Section: Infant Botulismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism

2006

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SUMMARY Botulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin. Human pathogenic neurotoxins of types A, B, E, and F are produced by a diverse group of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, including Clostridium botulinum groups I and II, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium baratii. The routine laboratory diagnostics of botulism is based on the detection of botulinum neurotoxin in the patient. Detection of toxin-producing clostridia in the patient and/or the vehicle confirms the diagnosis. The neurotoxin detection is based on the mouse lethality assay. Sensitive and rapid in vitro assays have been developed, but they have not yet been appropriately validated on clinical and food matrices. Culture methods for C. botulinum are poorly developed, and efficient isolation and identification tools are lacking. Molecular techniques targeted to the neurotoxin genes are ideal for the detection and identification of C. botulinum, but they do not detect biologically active neurotoxin and should not be used alone. Apart from rapid diagnosis, the laboratory diagnostics of botulism should aim at increasing our understanding of the epidemiology and prevention of the disease. Therefore, the toxin-producing organisms should be routinely isolated from the patient and the vehicle. The physiological group and genetic traits of the isolates should be determined.

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“…The results of different studies, which have been conducted in different countries with different types of honey, indicate that honey can be contaminated with C. botulinum (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium botulinum in honey: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains

Koluman¹,

Gölcü²,

Derin³

et al. 2013

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Prevalence and diversity of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F in honey produced in the Nordic countries

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of Two Predominant Nordic Group I (Proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum Type B Clusters

Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of Two Predominant Nordic Group I (Proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum Type B Clusters

Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism

Clostridium botulinum in honey: prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains

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