Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Kong, Xiangliang; Zheng, Katina; Tang, Mengya; Kong, Fanlei; Zhou, Jingxin; Diao, Liwei; Wu, Shanshan; Jiao, Peng; Su, Tong; Dong, Yaping

doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075

Cited by 201 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, intensive care support and experimental medical treatments with psychiatric side effects (e.g., antimalarials) might be an additional risk factor for the onset psychiatric symptoms and altered states of consciousness, including delirium [8,9]. Epidemiologic data, although preliminary, showed that up to one of four patients might experience symptoms of anxiety or depression [10] and about 15% might develop impaired consciousness states [11], which is likely to be associated with a remarkable increased risk of death [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations

Ostuzzi

Papola

Gastaldon

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background The novel coronavirus pandemic calls for a rapid adaptation of conventional medical practices to meet the evolving needs of such vulnerable patients. People with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may frequently require treatment with psychotropic medications, but are at the same time at higher risk for safety issues because of the complex underlying medical condition and the potential interaction with medical treatments. Methods In order to produce evidence-based practical recommendations on the optimal management of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19, an international, multi-disciplinary working group was established. The methodology of the WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines in the context of a public health emergency and the principles of the AGREE statement were followed. Available evidence informing on the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, infective, hemostatic, and consciousness alterations related to the use of psychotropic medications, and drug–drug interactions between psychotropic and medical treatments used in people with COVID-19, was reviewed and discussed by the working group. Results All classes of psychotropic medications showed potentially relevant safety risks for people with COVID-19. A set of practical recommendations was drawn in order to inform frontline clinicians on the assessment of the anticipated risk of psychotropic-related unfavorable events, and the possible actions to take in order to effectively manage this risk, such as when it is appropriate to avoid, withdraw, switch, or adjust the dose of the medication. Conclusions The present evidence-based recommendations will improve the quality of psychiatric care in people with COVID-19, allowing an appropriate management of the medical condition without worsening the psychiatric condition and vice versa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations

Ostuzzi

Papola

Gastaldon

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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“…5,6 The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is only a few months old but there are increasing reports of psychiatric morbidity. 5,7 This can arise through psychosocial stressors irrespective of infection, for example fear, isolation, bereavement, unemployment and financial difficulties. A positive test for SARS-CoV-2 may lead to additional stress, for example that associated with quarantine.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Psychiatric Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 A broader range of data is required as patterns of psychiatric morbidity may vary between countries reflecting differences in lockdown measures, infection and mortality rates, sociodemographic and cultural factors, and access to physical and mental healthcare. Another limitation is that some studies are restricted to assessing one aspect of psychopathology, for example anxiety and depression 7 or neuropsychiatry. 5,9 Other studies focus on a narrow patient group, for example those who died 10,11 or were admitted to intensive care units.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Psychiatric Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric presentation of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients seen by a consultation-liaison psychiatry team

et al. 2020

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Background Reports of psychiatric morbidity associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection tend to be limited by geography and patients’ clinical status. Representative samples are needed to inform service planning and research. Aims To describe the psychiatric morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction) in referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. Method Retrospective review of 50 consecutive referrals. Results Most patients were male. Median age was 39.5 years. Thirty-one patients were symptomatic (upper respiratory tract symptoms or pneumonia) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 19 were asymptomatic (no characteristic physical symptoms of COVID-19 infection). Seventeen patients (34%) had a past psychiatric history including eight with bipolar I disorder or psychosis, all of whom relapsed. Thirty patients (60%) had physical comorbidity. The principal psychiatric diagnoses made by the consultation-liaison team were delirium (n = 13), psychosis (n = 9), acute stress reaction (n = 8), anxiety disorder (n = 8), depression (n = 8) and mania (n = 8). Delirium was confined to the COVID-19 symptomatic group (the exception being one asymptomatic patient with concurrent physical illness). The other psychiatric diagnoses spanned the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with COVID. One patient with COVID-19 pneumonia experienced an ischaemic stroke. Approximately half the patients with mania and psychosis had no past psychiatric history. Three patients self-harmed. The commonest psychiatric symptoms were sleep disturbance (70%), anxiety (64%), agitation (50%), depressed mood (42%) and irritability (36%). Conclusions A wide range of psychiatric morbidity is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is seen in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Cases of psychosis and mania represented relapses in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and also new onset cases.

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“…20,21 Beyond physical symptoms, a large number of patients develop mental illness and/or symptoms. [22][23][24] Published studies on the psychological impact of COVID-19 have mainly focused on healthcare workers and the general public but not on COVID-19-positive patients. 22,23 Recent reports from China revealed that among COVID-19-positive patients, 35%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of symptoms is also associated with several sociodemographic factors, including age, gender, and social support. 24 The disparity of sociodemographic characteristics between countries is also obvious 1,2,7,11,12,28, and therefore, the management strategy of one country may not be transferable to another country. Hence, knowing the particular characteristics of an individual country is essential for strategic planning and proper implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic profile, clinical characteristics, anxiety, and depression of 74 patients infected with COVID-19: first report from Bangladesh

Hasan¹,

Khan²,

Rahman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has cost a large number of lives and is causing substantial mental stress among people. We conducted a study to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and prevalence of anxiety and depression among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using a preformed questionnaire adapted in Google form was conducted for data collection. The form was shared along with a brief introduction and rationale via Facebook, Twitter, Facebook Messenger, Viber, and What’s App. Formal ethical clearance was taken from the Biomedical Research Foundation, Bangladesh. Informed consent was ensured before participation.Results: Seventy-four patients with COVID-19 who had an average age of 42.59±14.43 years with male predominance (77%) were included. A total of 29.7% were doing health-care related jobs, and 14.9% lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Patients had a median income of BDT 30000. Of all, 87.8% of patients were symptomatic and presented with fever (77%), cough (58.8%), breathlessness (24.3%), myalgia (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%), fatigue (17.6%), nausea and/or vomiting (12.2%), headache (12.2%), runny nose (9.5%), chest pain (9.5%), diarrhea (8.1%), ARDS (2.7%), stuffy nose (2.7%), conjunctivitis (1.4%) and oral ulcer (1.4%). Overall, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 60% and 52.9%, respectively. Among the participants, 11.4% had only anxiety, 4.3% had only depression and 48.6% had both.Conclusion: Patients were mostly middle aged, male and healthy workers. Typical presentations were fever and cough. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had either or both anxiety and depression.

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Cited by 201 publications

References 13 publications

Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations

Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations

Psychiatric presentation of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients seen by a consultation-liaison psychiatry team

Sociodemographic profile, clinical characteristics, anxiety, and depression of 74 patients infected with COVID-19: first report from Bangladesh

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