Prevalence and factors contributing to primary sarcopenia in relatively healthy older Indians attending the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background Literature is scarce on primary sarcopenia among Indian older adults. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of primary sarcopenia among older persons in India using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in the Older People 2010 (EWGSOP) diagnostic criteria and to elucidate the factors leading to its development. Methodology Two hundred twenty‐seven subjects over 60 years of age attending the geriatric outpatient clinic were recruited for the study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on set criteria for gait speed, handgrip, and skeletal muscle mass assessment by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Result The prevalence of primary sarcopenia in the study population was 39.2% (n = 89). Male patients were more sarcopenic than women, 47% (n = 72) vs 23% (n = 17). Obese subjects (body mass index > 25 kg/m 2 ) had a lower prevalence of sarcopenia (odds ratio = 0.10; 95% confidence interval = 0.05–0.19). There was no association between sarcopenia and other postulated risk factors like low vitamin D levels, dietary protein or carbohydrate intake, or sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion Contrary to published data, primary sarcopenia appears to be higher among older Indians using presently available guidelines. Community studies with validated cutoffs suited for the Indian subcontinent may yield a lower prevalence of primary sarcopenia.

Prevalence and risk factors of stroke-related sarcopenia at the subacute stage: A case control study

“…The prevalence of sarcopenia can be influenced by many factors, including race and age. In China, the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals aged 60 is 10.6%, with 11.3% in men and 9.8% in women, 9.3% in men and 4.1% in women in Taiwan, and 9.4% among elderly male community dwellers in Hong Kong ( 22 , 23 ). Older adults with stroke have an accelerated loss in muscle mass and strength compared with those without stroke ( 24 ).…”

Protein Intake and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The main characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table 1 . Five cross-sectional studies [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], one longitudinal study [ 36 ], and one case-control study [ 37 ] that investigated 3353 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of approximately 73 years from Australia, Belgium, Finland, India, and the Netherlands were included. One study [ 32 ] included participants from Italy, Poland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.…”

“…Quality assessment scores are shown in Supplementary Material S3 . The overall score of cross-sectional studies [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] ranged from six to seven. All of the studies clearly stated the research question (item 1), specified the study population (item 2), recruited participants from the same or a similar population (item 4), clearly defined and used valid and reliable exposure (item 9) and outcome (item 11) measures.…”

“…The cross-sectional association between protein intake and sarcopenia is shown in Figure 2 . Four studies were included in the pooled analysis [ 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 ]. Older adults with sarcopenia consumed significantly less protein than their non-sarcopenic counterparts (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.19–0.55, p < 0.0001).…”

“… Standard mean differences of protein intake between older adults with and without sarcopenia [ 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 ]. …”