Prevalence and Risk Behaviors for Chlamydial Infection in a Population-Based Study of Female Adolescents in Brazil

Miranda, Angélica Espinosa; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann; Peres, Renata Lyrio; Page, Kimberly

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000137899.25542.75

Cited by 56 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The observation of higher prevalences of STI, particularly of HPV, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia in adolescents, when compared to older age groups, is in accordance with other studies (Soares et al 2003, Miranda et al 2004). The decreasing prevalence of HPV and chlamydia with increasing age might be due to a higher susceptibility of younger women (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Among teenagers from Vitória, a main city in the Southeast region of the country, the prevalences of chlamydia infection and gonorrhoea were 12.2 and 1.9%, respectively (Miranda et al 2004). Among 155 women living in the slums from Salvador, a main city in the Northeast, 12.9% had chlamydia infection, 3.2% gonorrhoea, 5.1% syphilis, and 0.6% HIV infection (Codes et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely agreed that there is an urgent need for community-based assessment of STI in different socio-cultural settings, as such infections have been found to be highly prevalent even in women considered to be at low risk (Duncan et al 1994, Behets et al 2001. Unfortunately, population-based data on STI prevalence and patterns are scanty in developing countries and in Brazil only two studies have been published (Soares et al 2003, Miranda et al 2004). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Oliveira

Pfleger²,

Lang³

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (STI), bacterial vaginosis (BV), Laboratory testing included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for human papillomavirus (HPV), ligase chain reaction (LCR) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ELISA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and fluorescent treponema antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) for syphilis, and analysis of wet mounts, gram stains and Pap smears for trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and BV. Only women who had initiated sexual life were included in the analysis (n = 592). The prevalences of STI were , chlamydia 4. 5% (3.0-6.6), trichomoniasis 4.1% (2.7-6.1), gonorrhoea 1. 2% (0.5-2.6), syphilis 0. 2% (0.0-1.1), and HIV 0%. The prevalence of ) and 12. 5% (10.0-15.5 ), respectively. The most common gynaecological complaint was lower abdominal pain. STI are common in women in rural Brazil and represent an important health threat in view of the HIV pandemic.Key words: sexually transmitted infections -reproductive tract infections -prevalence -epidemiology -Brazil Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a major cause of morbidity throughout the world, particularly in developing countries (Gerbase et al. 1998). In women, STI are often chronic and present with little or no symptoms, but eventually may lead to severe sequels, such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility (WHO 2000). The impact of STI on the health of women tends to be more severe in resourcepoor settings where diagnostic and treatment facilities are inappropriate. Here, women often are not aware of STI as health problems, and health care seeking behaviour is poor (Giffin & Lowndes 1999). Relatively high prevalences of STI have been documented in such settings e.g. from Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and The Gambia (Walraven et al. 2001, Mgone et al. 2002, Soares et al. 2003. STI, as well as bacterial vaginosis (BV), are considered to increase the risk of acquiring human immunodefiency virus (HIV) (Sewankambo et al. 1997, Rottingen et al. 2001.In Brazil, the HIV epidemic is characterized by changing dynamics, currently reaching new population groups, namely women, underprivileged individuals, and communities outside the great urban centres (Fonseca et al. 2000, Brazilian Ministry of Health 2006. Reliable epidemiological data from Brazilian women on STI and other reproductive tract infections (RTI), such as BV and candidiasis, are scanty. Syphilis and HIV in pregnant women, AIDS, and congenital syphilis are notifiable infections, but the epidemiologic situation of other RTI is rather enigmatic. Studies have addressed the issue of STI in certain specific groups, such as patients attending STI clinics, gynaecology and obstetric outpatient departments, female prisoners or commercial sex workers (Miranda et al. 2000, Benzaken et al. 2002, Codes et al. 2002, Cook et al. 2004. However, these studies do not allow to conclude on the burden of disease on the community level.To increase further the knowledge...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Oliveira

Pfleger²,

Lang³

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…No Brasil, estudos realizados, de 2000 a 2008, nas cidades de Campinas, Salvador, Fortaleza e Vitória, com mulheres sexualmente ativas, na faixa etária de 12 a 49 anos, atendidas em serviços de atenção básica e planejamento familiar, mostraram prevalência de CT variando entre 7,4 e 17,1% e de gonococo entre 0,5 e 2% (16,20) . Em gestantes, estudos realizados em Manaus, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Porto Alegre e Belo Horizonte, nos anos de 1999 a 2005, mostraram prevalência de CT entre 9,4 e 24,4% e de gonococo de 1,5% (21,23) .…”

Section: Dst No Brasil E No Mundounclassified

“…Dessa forma, não se tem uma noção razoável sobre sua verdadeira ocorrência em nosso meio. No entanto, relatos recentes sobre a elevada prevalência de DST em mulheres em idade fértil e em gestantes (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) , além das precárias condições de controle pré-natal e do elevado índice de transmissão da infecção da mãe para o RN (1) permitem inferir que a prevalência da CN seja elevada, o que justifica a utilização de método preventivo.…”

Section: Comentários Finaisunclassified

Conjuntivite neonatal com ênfase na sua prevenção

Passos¹,

Agostini²

2011

Rev. bras.oftalmol.

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RESUMONos últimos tempos, a necessidade da utilização de medicamentos para prevenção da conjuntivite neonatal (CN) passou a ser questionada em alguns países desenvolvidos, devido ao elevado nível de assistência pré-natal. Ao contrário, no Brasil, embora não haja dados oficiais sobre sua ocorrência, vários trabalhos recentes comprovam elevada prevalência da infecção genital em mulheres em idade fértil e em gestantes. Isso, aliado ao fato de que o índice de transmissão da infecção genital por clamídia e gonococo, da mãe infectada para o recém-nascido é de 30 a 50%, leva à conclusão de que a profilaxia medicamentosa está mais que justificada. A CN implica em importante potencial de complicações locais e sistêmicas, além da necessidade de exames laboratoriais para seu diagnóstico etiológico. Por isso, constitui importante problema de saúde pública, negligenciado no Brasil, onde não há padronização do método de prevenção. Embora o uso do nitrato de prata pareça ainda ser o método oficial, seu uso tem sido questionado devido à incompleta proteção contra clamídia, principal agente da conjuntivite neonatal nos dias atuais, e pela frequente ocorrência de conjuntivite química. Por isso, tem sido substituído por outros agentes, como a eritromicina, a tetraciclina, além de outros antibióticos. A superioridade da Iodopovidona em relação a esses antibióticos, nos vários quesitos analisados, tem sugerido que esse é o mais adequado entre os produtos, testados até o momento, para prevenção da CN.

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Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women

Páez-Canro

Álzate

González

et al. 2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Prevalence and Risk Behaviors for Chlamydial Infection in a Population-Based Study of Female Adolescents in Brazil

Cited by 56 publications

References 17 publications

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Conjuntivite neonatal com ênfase na sua prevenção

Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women

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