Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

Selim, Abdelfattah; Weir, William; Khater, Hanem F.

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2022.919-924

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There was no statistical difference between infection prevalence in female and male cattle. This agrees with previous studies that showed that gender is not a risk factor for T. annulata infection in cattle maintained in endemic stability farms since the tick populations are sufficiently high to reach animals of both sexes (Flach et al., 1995; Gharbi et al., 2014; Selim et al., 2022). However, the difference between the sexes is observed for clinical cases, as females develop more frequently TT clinical cases than males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata

Elati,

Salhi,

Kodia

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundTropical theileriosis, Theileria annulata infection, is the most prevalent summer disease in Tunisia. It is transmitted by Hyalomma scupense, a two‐host tick known to be endophilic.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to estimate the infection prevalence of cattle by T. annulata in two districts from central Tunisia.MethodsBlood samples collected from 270 Holstein cattle from the Sidi Bouzid (140 samples) and Kasserine districts (130 samples) were analysed by Giemsa staining and T. annulata‐specific PCR.ResultsIn both regions, PCR revealed a prevalence of 32.6%. This was significantly higher than the 6.3% prevalence obtained by Giemsa staining blood smears (p < 0.001). Giemsa staining also revealed a low parasitaemia of 0.05%. The PCR‐based prevalence was not statistically different between the two districts (31.4 ± 0.04 and 33.8 ± 0.04% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine districts, respectively, p = 0.6). On the contrary, the results of blood smear examination (2.85 and 10% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine, respectively) differed significantly between the two sampling sites (p = 0.01). There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between the overall molecular infection prevalence when the samples were segregated based on animals’ age or gender (p = 0.1 and 0.2, respectively) and a similar trend was observed for Giemsa staining. Ten PCR amplicons of the Tams1 gene (721 bp) were subsequently sequenced from the two regions. The phylogenetic analyses showed 100% similarity between all sequences. The unique conserved Tams1 sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number OP428816 and used to infer its phylogenetic relationships with those available in the GenBank repository.ConclusionsThis is the first report of the presence of T. annulata in this region of central Tunisia which has no history of tropical theileriosis. Priority areas for future studies include understanding the origin of these T. annulata‐positive animals in a region where the presence of a known natural vector tick, H. scupense, has not been reported. Given that the disease severely constrains cattle productivity, it would also be worthwhile to investigate if other potential vectors for T. annulata, such as Hyalomma dromedarii, are present in the arid regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata

Elati,

Salhi,

Kodia

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…This finding could be attributed to the similar management practices that were followed for all animals regardless of their sex ( 26 , 55 ). Also, a recent study in Egypt reported no significant association between animal sex and Theileria infection ( 56 ). However, another study in China reported higher risk of infection in male cattle than females, but did not provide a clear explanation for this finding ( 57 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of tropical theileriosis in smallholder asymptomatic large ruminants in Egypt

et al. 2022

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Knowledge of the prevalence and epidemiological determinants of tropical theileriosis in large ruminants, particularly in the asymptomatic carrier, is crucial for designing and implementing effective host-specific control measures. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of tropical theileriosis in asymptomatic cattle and water buffaloes and identify the potential risk factors of theileriosis in large ruminants raised under smallholder-production system in Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of the Sharkia governorate from March 2019 to February 2020. In total, 350 serum samples were collected from cattle and water buffaloes under smallholder-production system and tested for Theileria annulata antibodies using the indirect antibody fluorescence test (IFAT). Data on species, host characteristics, presence of ticks, season, and districts were collected at sampling using a questionnaire. A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model was built to determine the potential risk factors associated with T. annulate seropositivity of the animals. The overall apparent seroprevalence of T. annulata in 350 tested animals was 70%. In the univariable analyses, cattle compared to buffaloes, younger animals compared to older ones, animals with ticks on their bodies, and warmer seasons were all associated with a higher likelihood of seropositive results in the study population while sex of the animals was not associated with seropositivity. The final multivariable model showed that animals with ticks on their bodies had 3.5× higher odds of seropositivity than those with no ticks (P < 0.001), and warmer seasons were associated with the higher odds of infection compared to winter (P = 0.003). The high seroprevalence of tropical theileriosis in the study region indicates that the disease is endemic among smallholders of large ruminants. The identified risk factors of T. annulata-seropositivity in asymptomatic carrier animals provides evidence-based guidance for adopting effective intervention measures.

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“…Theileriosis is distributed throughout the world, from Asia, the Middle East and South Europe to North Africa [ 38 , 39 ] and is transmitted by several types of hard (Ixodidae) ticks: Hyalomma anatolicum , Hyalomma lusitanicum, Hyalomma scupense , Hyalomma detritum detritum , and Hyalomma dromedarii [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. According to some researchers, the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle in China was 39%, Iran 33%, India 31.7%, Pakistan 21.2%, Bangladesh 2.69% [ 42 ], and Egypt 16.49% [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Pathogens among Ticks Collected from Livestock in Kazakhstan

Sultankulova¹,

Shynybekova²,

Issabek³

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Ticks carry and transmit a wide variety of pathogens (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) that pose a threat to humans and animals worldwide. The purpose of this work was to study ticks collected in different regions of Kazakhstan for the carriage of various pathogens. The collected ticks were examined by PCR for the carriage of various pathogens. A total of 3341 tick samples parasitizing three animal species (cattle, sheep and horses) were collected at eight regions of Kazakhstan. Eight tick species were found infesting animals: Dermacentor marginatus (28.08%), Hyalomma asiaticum (21.28%), Hyalomma anatolicum (17.18%), Dermacentor reticulatus (2.01%), Ixodes ricinus (3.35%), Ixodes persulcatus (0.33%), Hyalomma scupense (12.87%) and Hyalomma marginatum (14.90%). Ticks collected from livestock animals were examined for the pathogen spectrum of transmissible infections to determine the degree of their infection. Four pathogen DNAs (lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Coxiella burnetti, Teileria annulata, and Babesia caballi) were detected by PCR in Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma anatolicum. The infection of ticks Dermacentor marginatus and Hyalomma asiaticum collected on cattle in the West Kazakhstan region with LSDV was 14.28% and 5.71%, respectively. Coxiella burnetti was found in the ticks Dermacentor marginatus (31.91%) in the Turkestan region and Hyalomma anatolicum (52.63%) in the Zhambyl region. Theileria annulata was found in ticks Hyalomma scupense (7.32%) and Dermacentor marginatus (6.10%) from cattle in the Turkestan region. Babesia caballi was isolated only from the species Hyalomma scupense (17.14%) in the Turkestan region. There were no PCR-positive tick samples collected from sheep. RNA/DNAs of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and chlamydia pathogens were not found in ticks. The new data give a better understanding of the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens and the possibility of the emergence of tick-borne animal diseases in Kazakhstan.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata

Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of Theileria annulata

Seroprevalence and risk factors of tropical theileriosis in smallholder asymptomatic large ruminants in Egypt

The Prevalence of Pathogens among Ticks Collected from Livestock in Kazakhstan

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