Prevalence and Risk Factors of Peripheral Neuropathy among Diabetic Patients in Aden Diabetic Center

Abstract

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is an important micro-vascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), considered as a major contributor to foot ulceration and lower limb amputation among diabetic patients and have remarkable negative effect on patient's quality of life. Aim of Study:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and possible risk factors of DPN among patients attending diabetic center in Aden governorate, Yemen. Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional retrospective study review prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among patients aged 18-70 years with type 1 and 2 DM (T1D, T2D), were 124 patients assessed by neurosymptoms and neurodisability scores (NSS and NDS respectively). Descriptive statistic and logistic regression analysis were done. Results:The prevalence of DPN based on NSS and NDS was 60.48%. Risk factors significantly associated with DPN were age (p 0.015), educational level (p 0.013), type 2 diabetes (p 0.022), and duration of diabetes (p 0.001), dyslipidemia (p 0.009), abdominal obesity (p 0.001), body mass index (p 0.036) and retinopathy (p 0.035). Female gender, hypertension, elevated glycated hemoglobin and the presence of albuminuria were associated with higher frequency of DPN although this relation was statistically non-significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Illiteracy (OR 8.75,), dyslipidemia (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-24.44), long standing of diabetes (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.23), and abdominal obesity (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) were significantlly associated with DPN.Conclusions: A higher prevalence was observed with illiteracy, dyslipidemia, longer duration of diabetes and abdominal obesity.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A cross-sectional study from Yemen.

“…This finding is supported by studies from the MENA region (10,16,17,19) and the world (2,8,20) . In contrast to the results of Aden (18) and Tanzania (13) which had no statistical association. Furthermore, DPN patients were associated with high levels of FBS, this concurs with what was reported in KSA (9,10) , Libya (14) .…”

“…Indeed, BMI and smoking were not observed to be significant risk factors for DPN among patients in this study. This is obviously congruent with the results of Aden (18) , KSA (19) , and India (2) . This could be consistent with the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes per day which needs further assessment.…”

“…The overall prevalence of DPN in this study was 52%, similar findings were reported in Kuwait 53.9% (24) and Ethiopia 53.6% (3) . However, this is considerably higher compared with studies conducted in Jordan 39.5% (27) , Morocco 15.3% (26) , and Nepal 45.45% (1) and lower than the proportions reported in the National Center of Diabetes in Yemen, Sanaa 56.2% (17) , Aden 60.48% (18) , and Nigeria 75% (20) .…”

“…In regard to risk factors, many previous studies conducted in Yemen (17,18) KSA (9,19) Sudan (16) Libya (14) Nigeria (20) India (2) and Nepal (1) showed that chronic exposure to hyperglycemia is a key factor in the development of neuropathy which induce oxidative stress and endothelial damage. Meanwhile, unexpected findings were obtained that there was no association between the duration of DM with the development of DPN in this study, the same finding was also found in KSA (10) .…”

“…Locally, in 2014 the National Center of Diabetes in Yemen conducted a study with 306 participants revealed that the DPN prevalence among diabetic patients was 56.2% (17) . Furthermore, another study in Aden in 2019 found that the DPN rate was 60.48% according to the neurosymptom and neurodisability scoring (NSS & NDS) (18) .…”