Prevalence, antibiogram and risk factors of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in dressed porcine carcass of Chitwan, Nepal

Abstract

BackgroundCampylobacter is the primary cause of food borne gastroenteritis. Moreover, the emergence of multiple drug resistant campylobacters from poultry and pork has produced a potential threat to public health. Research addressing these issues is sparse in Nepal. So, this cross-sectional study aims at determining the prevalence, antibiogram and risk factors of campylobacters from dressed porcine carcass of Chitwan, Nepal.ResultsWe collected 139 samples of dressed porcine carcass from 10 different pork shops located in Chitwan district and processed according to OIE Terrestrial Manual, 2008, chapter 2.8.10. Antibiogram of identified Campylobacter spp. was evaluated against nine commonly used antibiotics by using disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 38.84% (C. coli 76% and C. jejuni 24%). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the prevalence rate of male (32.4%) and female (41%) carcass. Ampicillin and erythromycin showed the highest resistance (92.59% each) followed by colistin (72.2%), tetracycline (61.1%), nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole (44.4% each), ciprofloxacin (31.5%) and gentamicin (5.56%). Moreover, 77.8% of the isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the resistivity pattern among different species of Campylobacters. The association between prevalence rate and regular sanitization of slaughter slab equipments was significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, prevalence rate was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with chilling and contamination of intestinal content with carcass.ConclusionsThe pork meat of Chitwan is highly contaminated with antibiotic-resistant Campylobacters and slaughtering practices play significant role in contamination. It is necessary to train the butchers about hygienic slaughtering practice. The consumers as well as butchers should adopt safety measures to prevent themselves from antibiotic resistant campylobacters. The veterinary practitioners should adopt prudent use of antibiotics in pigs.

Antibiotic Resistance ofCampylobacterRecovered from Faeces and Carcasses of Healthy Livestock

“…Although C. coli is the most commonly identified species in pigs [ 32 , 33 ]; an interesting pattern was discovered in our study where C. jejuni and C. coli isolations were similar (48.2% each) in pig faeces and a rather higher C. jejuni (75.6%) than C. coli (10.8%) in the carcasses. Matthew-Belmar et al [ 34 ] and Kramer et al [ 35 ] recorded more C. jejuni (53.5%) than C. coli (46.5%) from pigs in Grenada and UK, respectively.…”

Co-infection with Campylobacter and rotavirus in less than 5 year old children with acute gastroenteritis in Nepal during 2017–2018

“…Increasing antimicrobial drug resistance by Campylobacter limits the number of therapeutic options, which makes empirical treatment more difficult. High proportions of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter isolates in our study reveals either there is antibiotic pressure or transmission of resistant bacteria from foods of animal origin [36].…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter isolates from milk and wastewater in Hatay, Turkey

“…Similary, C. jejuni was isolated as the most common species in many studies, followed by C. coli (ZANETTI et al, 1996;WHYTE et al, 2004;HUSSAIN et al, 2007;BARDOŇ et al, 2011;WIECZOREK & OSEK, 2015;ZENDEHBAD et al, 2015). C. coli is frequently isolated from pork (QIN et al, 2011;GHIMIRE et al, 2014;WYSOK et al, 2015a;WYSOK et al, 2015b). Although, the lower rates were detected in raw milk and dairy products (WHYTE et al, 2004;HUSSAIN et al, 2007;BIANCHI et al, 2013;MODI et al, 2015;BERTASI et al, 2016;CHRISTIDIS et al, 2016) (2016) demonstrated a 27.3%, 20%, 17.2%, 13.4% prevalence of Campylobacter in milk samples, respectively.…”