Prevalence, association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and outcome of stress hyperglycaemia in sick cats

Abstract

Objectives To determine the prevalence of stress hyperglycaemia in sick cats, and to investigate the association of stress hyperglycaemia with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and outcome. Materials and Methods Medical records (2004 to 2013) from sick cats admitted to the Medicine Unit of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were enrolled if a serum glucose measurement and a complete medical record were available. Cats that were healthy, hypoglycaemic, diabetic, sedated or had a previous administration of drugs (apart from vaccination and deworming) were excluded. Results The study included 647 cats; stress hyperglycaemia (serum glucose >8.3 mmol/L) was found in 194 (30%) cats, while 453 (70%) cats were normoglycaemic. The prevalence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was significantly higher in cats with stress hyperglycaemia (25/174, 14.4%) compared to normoglycaemic cats (26/399, 6.5%). Significantly, more cats with stress hyperglycaemia were hospitalised [97/194 (50.0%)] compared to normoglycaemic cats [171/453 (37.7%)]. However, the median duration of hospitalisation was not significantly different [4 (1 to 26) days and 4 (1 to 24) days, respectively]. The prevalence of cats with negative outcome was not significantly different between the two groups (cats with stress hyperglycaemia: 37.1%, normoglycaemic cats: 33.9%). Nonetheless, when modelling of outcome prediction included breed, age, stress hyperglycaemia and disease category as factors, cats with stress hyperglycaemia had 2.8 times the odds to have a negative outcome (95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 6.4). Clinical Significance Based on the cut‐off employed in this study, Stress hyperglycaemia, as defined by the cut‐off is common in sick cats. Stress hyperglycaemia is associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome development and seem to be a negative prognostic indicator.

Profiling of circulating serum exosomal microRNAs in elderly patients with infectious stress hyperglycaemia

“…It is reported that COVID-19-associated new-onset hyperglycaemia may predispose patients to long-term hyperglycaemia, worse clinical outcomes and clinical scores, prolonged hospital stays and higher demand for oxygen support or ventilation. Over the years, oxidative stress and inflammation have been highlighted as key players in the development and progression of stress hyperglycaemia and its associated complications [28,29]. However, the underlying mechanism for stress hyperglycaemia caused by the most common reason, infection in particular, remains unknown.…”

Profiling of circulating serum exosomal microRNAs in elderly patients with infectious stress hyperglycaemia

“…sepsis and septic shock), it substantially reduces the quality of life, increases mortality as well as medical burden among patients 41 . Over the years, oxidative stress and inflammation have been highlighted as key players in the development and progression of stress hyperglycaemia and its associated complications 42,43 . However, the underlying mechanism for stress hyperglycaemia caused by the most common reason, infection in particular, remains unknown.…”

Feline Cyst-like Lymphocytic Cholangiohepatitis in a Cat: First Case Report

“…This finding may be explained by the 70–80% of hepatic reserve capacity [ 14 ]. The high blood glucose at the first visit may be explained by the non-sedated restraint procedure and chronic illness stage [ 15 ]. The secretion of catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, and cytokines during stress contribute to gluconeogenesis [ 16 ].…”

“…The secretion of catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, and cytokines during stress contribute to gluconeogenesis [ 16 ]. The serum fructosamine concentration should be measured to exclude diabetic mellitus from stress-related hyperglycemia [ 15 ]. Nonetheless, serum fructosamine was not analyzed in the present case.…”