Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Saudi Adult Population: A National Survey

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and predictors of hypertension among Saudi adult population. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select 4758 adult participants. Three blood pressure measurements using an automatic sphygmomanometer, sociodemographics, and antihypertensive modalities were obtained. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.5%. Only 44.7% of hypertensives were aware, 71.8% of them received pharmacotherapy, and only 37.0% were controlled. Awareness was significantly associated with gender, age, geographical location, occupation, and comorbidity. Applying drug treatment was significantly more among older patients, but control was significantly higher among younger patients and patients with higher level of physical activity. Significant predictors of hypertension included male gender, urbanization, low education, low physical activity, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion prevalence is high, but awareness, treatment, and control levels are low indicating a need to develop a national program for prevention, early detection, and control of hypertension.

Prevalência de hipertensão arterial em comunidades ribeirinhas do Rio Madeira, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira

“…A prevalência de HAS foi de 25,7 (IC95%: 22,7-28,6), com maior predominância no sexo masculino (28,7; IC95%: 24,3-33,0) quando comparada à prevalência no sexo feminino (22,8;IC95%: 18,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)7). A prevalência de HAS apresentou tendência crescente ao longo das faixas etárias, com maior valor entre indivíduos com mais de 60 anos (58,6; IC95%: 49,6-67,4).…”

“…Em contraposição, as mulheres são mais preocupadas com estado de saúde e procuram mais assistência médica e, portanto, podem apresentar detecção precoce e maior controle da HAS quando comparadas aos homens 23 . Em nosso estudo, os fatores preditores para HAS foram distintos entre homens e mulheres.…”

“…A glicemia elevada esteve associada com HAS tanto em mulheres quanto nos homens. O excesso de peso já foi reportado como fator de risco associado à prevalência de HAS em outros trabalhos 23,24 .…”

Treatment Adherence among Diabetes Mellitus Type II Patients at Ambulatory Clinics in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: Descriptive Correlational Study

“…This study revealed the presence of particularly hypertension, coronary artery disease and retinopathy, as well as the corresponding use of insulin and medication to treat complications. Previous research confirmed that DM is a significant predictor of hypertension in the KSA (Saeed et al, 2011). Badran and Laher (2012) found 31% prevalence of retinopathy among type II diabetics in Arab speaking countries (N=4,758).…”

Correlation between Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease Risk among Saudi Subjects at Madinah Region

“…In the Gulf area, women are often over protected due to religious or cultural barriers and can't publicly participate in physical activity [4,5]. Sedentarism, smoking, energy-dense food as well as modifiable risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension (HTN) [6,7] and obesity are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk.…”