Prevalence, Biochemical and Clinical Characteristics of Resistant Hypertension

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of resistant hypertension (RH) in primary care setting and to analyse its biochemical and clinical characteristics. After 3 months of treatment and evaluation, 721 (14.01%) of 5,146 patients with hypertension did not reach target office blood pressure of [ 140/90 mmHg. After exclusion of �white-coat effect� with ambulatory blood pressure, of secondary and pseudo- resistant hypertension, prevalence of RH was 6.74%. Lifestyle factors associated with RH were physical inactivity, obesity, high salt intake, smoking and excessive alcohol ingestion. Compared to controlled hypertension, RH patients presented higher incidence of family history of cardiovascular disease (38.90% vs 25.94%), diabetes mellitus (34.87% vs 19.01%), impaired fasting glucose (21.91% vs 19.07%), target organ damage (29.1% vs 15.95%), and cardiovascular disease (27.09% vs 17.06%). Dyslipidaemia (52.90% vs 42.03%), fasting plasma glucose (116.10�38.9 vs 107.80�37.2), HbA1c (6.41�1.42 vs 5.96�0.94), serum creatinine (1.09�0.27 vs 1.03�0.24) and microalbuminuria (21.90% vs 10.95%) were significantly higher in RH. Predictors of RH, determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis were left ventricular hypertrophy (OD 2.14, 95% CI 1.32-3.69), renal impairment expressed as eGFR [ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (OD 1.62, 95% CI 1.21-2.21) and the presence of cardiovascular disease (OD 1.48, 95% CI 1.02-2.16).

Biochemical, Clinical and Prevalence Characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease Secondary to Arterial Hypertension

“…In a cross-sectional survey conducted in a primary care population, the prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension was 21%, the most frequent stage being stage 3 CKD [14]. As noticed in our study, the presence of CKD was associated with old age, female gender, high values of systolic BP and diabetes mellitus [15][16][17]. In the SEPHAR II Survey (2012) regarding the evaluation of hypertension in Romania, microalbuminura was present in 7.1%, macroproteinuria in 1.4%, mild renal impairment with eGFR 90-60 mL/min/m 2 in 41% and moderate severe renal impairment with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 in 5.6%.…”

Biochemical and Chemical Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure Assessment in Arterial Hypertension with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Analysis of the circadian pattern in hypertension with CKD, compared to hypertension without CKD, indicated the prevalence of an unfavourable non-dipping pattern in 66.9%. Studies have demonstrated that the inadequate BP control in these patients is https://doi.org/10.37358/RC.20.7.8260 associated with a greater incidence of target organ damage and of cardiovascular diseases [12][13][14]. Similar data concerning the circadian pattern were found by Gorostidi et al on the database of the Spanish Hypertension ABPM Registry [2,14].…”