Prevalence by sex of preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Prevalence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes

“…A higher frequency of carotid plaques has already been described in subjects with T2D at disease onset in Spain [16]. In CKD, there is also an increased prevalence of AD [34,35], even at earlier stages of impaired kidney function.…”

“…However, previous studies have shown that women with DM do not present the CV-protective gender effect [39,40]. In a recent crosssectional study, Catalan et al [16] reported that women with DM presented more advanced carotid lesions than men with DM when compared with their respective counterparts without diabetes. In line with these results, in our study, women with DM presented a similar prevalence of atheromatous lesions as men without DM.…”

“…In general population studies, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques either at carotid or femoral territories has been described to be associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors [2,4,17,41]. In patients with DM, a study assessing atherosclerosis in a new-onset T2D cohort free from previous CVD reported that age, gender, HbA1c, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and hypertension were associated with carotid plaques [16]. However, in CKD patients, baseline data from the NEFRONA study showed that at any given CKD stage, older age, male gender, DM and smoking were independently associated with the presence of plaque [35].…”

“…The natural history of atheromatous disease involves a prolonged silent phase, and disease is often not detected until advanced stages, usually following a CV event. Patients with diabetes present a higher prevalence of carotid plaques and more advanced preclinical carotid atherosclerosis than non-diabetic subjects, even after controlling for traditional CV risk factors [16]. The detection of subclinical atherosclerosis through non-invasive methods, such as arterial ultrasonography, has been demonstrated to be useful for the prediction of future CV events [17e19].…”

Estimation of cardiovascular risk and detection of subclinical carotid atheromatosis in patients with diabetes without a history of cardiovascular disease

“…reported a prevalence of 47% in subjects with diabetes in Korea (23) and Catalan and cols. showed a high CAP prevalence (60%) in newonset diabetes subjects (24). Furthermore, in a group of patients with diabetes but with high cholesterol levels, the prevalence of CAP was even higher (69%) (25).…”