Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in faecal samples from non-hospitalised individuals

Dijkshoorn, Lenie; Aken, E. van; Shunburne, Lee; Reijden, Tanny J. K. van der; Bernards, A.T.; Nemec, Alexandr; Towner, K. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01093.x

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In patients hospitalized on a regular ward, the carriage rate of Acinetobacter species was even higher, at 75% (495). Dijkshoorn et al studied fecal carriage of Acinetobacter and found a carrier rate of 25% among healthy individuals, with A. johnsonii and Acinetobacter genomic species 11 predominating (126). In contrast, A. baumannii, the most important nosocomial Acinetobacter species, was found only rarely on human skin (0.5% and 3% in references 31 and 495, respectively) and in human feces (0.8%) (126), and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU was not found at all (31,126,495).…”

Section: Natural Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dijkshoorn et al studied fecal carriage of Acinetobacter and found a carrier rate of 25% among healthy individuals, with A. johnsonii and Acinetobacter genomic species 11 predominating (126). In contrast, A. baumannii, the most important nosocomial Acinetobacter species, was found only rarely on human skin (0.5% and 3% in references 31 and 495, respectively) and in human feces (0.8%) (126), and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU was not found at all (31,126,495). More recently, Griffith et al investigated the nares of healthy U.S. soldiers and did not find acinetobacters at all, but they did not use enrichment culture to increase the recovery rate (211).…”

Section: Natural Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acinetobacter baumannii : Emergence of a Successful Pathogen

2008

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SUMMARY Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a highly troublesome pathogen for many institutions globally. As a consequence of its immense ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants, it has justifiably been propelled to the forefront of scientific attention. Apart from its predilection for the seriously ill within intensive care units, A. baumannii has more recently caused a range of infectious syndromes in military personnel injured in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. This review details the significant advances that have been made in our understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.

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Section: Natural Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter baumannii : Emergence of a Successful Pathogen

2008

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“…In the present study, we validated the PRBS method, which consists of PCR and sequencing of a Table S1, available with the online version of this paper. The LUMC strains (with designations LUH or RUH) comprised mostly human clinical isolates, many of which had been used in previous studies (Bouvet & Jeanjean, 1989;Dijkshoorn et al, 2005;Nemec et al, 2007;Tjernberg & Ursing, 1989). The strains identified by well-established identification methods, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of partial rpoB gene sequence analysis for the identification of clinically important and emerging Acinetobacter species

et al. 2009

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Bacteria belonging to the genus Acinetobacter are ubiquitous in soil and water. Only a few species, including Acinetobacter baumannii, and the unnamed Acinetobacter genomic species (gen. sp.) 3 and 13TU, which together with the soil organism Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are combined in the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex, have been recognized as important nosocomial infectious agents. The ecology, epidemiology and pathology of most species are not yet well established. Lack of practical and accurate methods limits routine identification of clinical isolates and thus hampers precise identification of those of the Acb complex and other Acinetobacter species of possible clinical significance. We previously identified a 350 bp highly variable zone on the rpoB gene which appeared to be a promising target for rapid molecular identification. In the present study, we validated this method for accuracy on a collection of reference strains belonging to A. calcoaceticus (5 strains), Acinetobacter gen. sp. 3 (29 strains), A. gen. sp. 13TU (18 strains), A. baumannii (30 strains) and one strain each of A. radioresistens, A. gen. sp. 15TU, A. gen. sp. 10, A. gen. sp. 11, A. gen. sp. 'between 1 and 3' and A. gen. sp. 14TU513BJ. This represents the largest analysis to date that compares a large number of well-identified strains of the Acb complex to assess the intra-and interspecies variation within this complex. All were correctly identified with 98.9-100 % intraspecies relatedness based on partial rpoB sequence analysis. We then applied this tool to identify 99 Acinetobacter clinical isolates from four public hospitals in Marseille, France. All isolates could easily be identified to species as they were separated into 13 species sequence types with a sequence variance of 0-2.6 % from their respective type strains. Of these 99 isolates, 10 were A. haemolyticus, 52 were A. baumannii, 27 were A. gen. sp. 3, 5 were A. schindleri, 1 was A. lwoffii, and 1 was A. gen. sp. 13TU. Three were provisionally identified as A. gen. sp. 9. This is the first work to identify all specimens of a set of clinical Acinetobacter isolates at species level using rpoB sequence analysis. Our data emphasize the recognition of A. schindleri as an emerging cause of Acinetobacter-related infection and confirm that A. gen. sp. 3 is the second most commonly isolated Acinetobacter species after A. baumannii in patients.

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“…The fecal carriage rate of Acinetobacter spp. were detected up to 25% by Dijkshoorn et al and the predominant species were Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter genomic species 11 [15]. Chu et al found 53% of medical students and new nurses to be colonized with Acinetobacters in summer versus 32% in winter [16].…”

Section: Source and Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter Main Cause of Hospital Acquired Infections: A Review

Arjuna

Nandi

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are mostly caused by Gram-negative organisms and is one of the major issues in patient safety. These infections are often associated with the medical processes of hospitals such as invasive medical devices and various surgical procedures. Gram-negative organisms account for most infections in the hospital environment because of their ability to acquire resistant against multiple antibiotics. Through different mechanisms including the synthesis of β-lactamases, overexpression of transmembrane efflux pump, loss of porins, synthesis of antibiotic modifying enzymes, target mutations, ribosomal mutation or modifications, mutations in lipopolysaccharide structure etc. these organisms have developed drug-resistant property and the genes encoded in plasmids play a vital role in developing the resistant. Among all Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging pathogen that accounts for about 80% of all reported infections. Although other species of Acinetobacter are also often associated with HAIs. Acinetobacter is non-motile, obligate aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus and are ubiquitous free-living saprophytes in soil and water. It is commonly transmitted through medical devices such as ventilators, urinary catheters and other invasive devices in hospitals but its ability to colonize on the skin of individuals often increases the rate of transmission through person to person contact. Patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at the major risk of getting infected by A. baumannii and these includes pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), bloodstream infections, wound abscesses, urinary tract infections etc.

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Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. in faecal samples from non-hospitalised individuals

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Acinetobacter baumannii : Emergence of a Successful Pathogen

Acinetobacter baumannii : Emergence of a Successful Pathogen

Validation of partial rpoB gene sequence analysis for the identification of clinically important and emerging Acinetobacter species

Acinetobacter Main Cause of Hospital Acquired Infections: A Review

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