Prevalence of and factors related to microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tianjin, China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Since chronic hyperglycemia-related damage to small blood vessels results in complications, patients with longer durations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop microvascular complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy, which are very harmful to the health of humans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes-related microvascular complications and to explore their risk factors in patients with T2DM in Tianjin, China.Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at 8 hospitals in urban and suburban regions of Tianjin, China. The information collected from the subjects mainly included demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and clinical information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the possible risk factors for microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy).Results: A total of 4,490 patients with T2DM from 8 hospitals in Tianjin, China were selected from November 2015 to January 2016. Of the study subjects, 2,270 (50.6%) were males. The median age was 64.0±13.0 years. The percentage of patients with T2DM who had at least one microvascular complication was 34.5%. The prevalence rates of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy were 23.5%, 17.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that the duration of diabetes, insulin use, and the presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia were the main risk factors for developing microvascular complications of T2DM. Conclusions:The incidence of diabetes complications in Tianjin is high. Increasing the control of risk factors can reduce the occurrence of complications to reduce the disease burden and improve the quality of life of patients.

<p>Nomogram for the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy or Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Questionnaire and Biochemical Indicators: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a type of progressive endocrine disease associated with various metabolic disorders that is clinically characterized by hyperglycemia. 1 According to the latest Diabetes Atlas released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019, approximately 463 million adults aged 20 to 79 years old in the world have diabetes. It is estimated that in 2045, the number of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) will reach 700.2 million.…”

<p>Does a diabetic retinopathy educational program raise awareness among elderly diabetic patients?</p>

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease accompanied by metabolic disorders and microvascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. [1][2][3][4] Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered one of the most common and severe complications of DM and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Also, it is associated with loss of productivity and quality of life, and may lead to additional socioeconomic burden.…”

A prospective evaluation of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients at time of diagnosis

“…Neuropathy is most common which is followed by nephropathy and retinopathy least among all. This is supported by the work of Kosiborod M, Gomes MB et al 18,19 Bui HDT, Jing X, has reported that neuropathy is most common complication, but retinopathy comes second. But Agrawal RP et al, has concluded retinopathy and nephropathy were the commonest complications of diabetes which does not support our study.…”