Prevalence of and related risk factors in oral mucosa diseases among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China

Abstract

Background Oral mucosal diseases (OMDs) encompass a variety of different types of diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and related risk factors of OMDs among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods A sample of 653 residents aged 17 to 92 years from the Baoshan community was investigated in 2014. Each resident was surveyed by questionnaire to evaluate their oral mucosa and oral mucosa examinations were conducted. We followed up with 607 residents in 2018. All data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 software package (Chicago, IL, USA) at the general population, gender and age levels. A X2 test was used to compare rates of risk factors and logistic regression analysis was used to detect the correlation between disease and risk factors. Results The prevalence rate of OMDs was found to be 9.19%–9.56% (2014–2018). The most common OMDs were atrophic glossitis (1.84%), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU, 1.68%), burning mouth syndrome (BMS, 1.38%), oral lichen planus (OLP, 1.23%) and traumatic ulcers (1.23%). The prevalence of RAU and BMS in different age groups was significantly different. Tobacco and alcohol use and psychological factors in the OMDs group were higher than the no-OMDs group. Systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly relevant to OLP. Conclusion Age, tobacco and alcohol use, and psychological factor correlated strongly with the occurrence and development of OMDs, and they should be the focus of primary prevention. General epidemiological studies suggested that OLP was closely related to DM.

Prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral submucosal fibrosis and oral leukoplakia in doctor/nurse and police officer population

“…For the female police officer, the level of prevalence of RAS is relatively lower and oral leukoplakia is not found. Recent study in China showed the oral mucosal disorder is closely associated with psychological factors [ 9 ]. In contrary to Canadian police officers [ 30 ], where policewomen were reported to have greater mental disorder rates relative to the general population, policewomen in China mainly perform general affairs and might have lower psychological pressure so that they have less oral mucosal diseases.…”

“…A recent long term follow-up study found 5.6% OSF patients in Mainland China can transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma [ 22 ], indicating more attention should be focused on the screening and preventing of OSF. Past studies showed oral leukoplakia is related with the elderly age, smoking, and alcohol intake [ 9 , 23 ], however, the prevalence of OSF and oral leukoplakia in the doctor/nurse and police officer population in the Betel quid chewing city of Mainland China is unknown.…”

“…Epidemiological studies show 5%-66% population have RAS indicating this condition is common among young adults all around the world [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Although the etiology of RAS is unknown, recent studies find sleep disorder [5], late bedtime [8], stress and anxiety [2,3,6,9], no smoking or smoking quitting [3,4,10] and family history [7] are the risk factors. Recently a Spanish study found RAS in adolescent population is moderately associated with sleep disorders [5].…”

“…Oral leukoplakia and oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) are the commonly seen oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) [16]. Betel quid chewing, smoking and alcohol use are well accepted causing factors for OSF and oral leukoplakia [9,[17][18][19]. Betel quid chewing is popular in Taiwan, South and Southeast Asia.…”

Prevalencia de Glosodinia - Síndrome de Boca Ardiente (SBA) y factores de riesgo asociados en la población de Ciudad Real.

“…El SBA es considerado multifactorial (11), habiéndose realizado en estos últimos años diferentes estudios de prevalencia y de factores de riesgo (11), tanto de factores locales (como son las prótesis dentales [10], sensibilidad de contacto, traumatismos, hábitos orales parafuncionales o disfunción de las glándulas salivares [12], infecciones locales, la más común cándidas [13,14]), como sistémicos, destacando menopausia, diabetes mellitus (13), hipertensión arterial, déficits nutricionales (8) o toma de fármacos (15).…”