Prevalence of and Risk Factors for <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in Market-Ready Beef Cattle from 12 U.S. Feedlots

Dewell, Grant A.; Ransom, J. R.; Dewell, Reneé D.; McCurdy, Keith W.; Gardner, Ian A.; Hill, E.; Sofos, John N.; Belk, K. E.; Smith, G. C.; Salman, Mo

doi:10.1089/fpd.2005.2.70

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Dewell et al (2005) were one of the first research groups that found feeding DGS as a risk factor for E. coli O157:H7 carriage in a beef cattle longitudinal study. Two studies using naturally infected feedlot cattle ( Jacob et al, 2008c) and experimentally infected Holstein calves ( Jacob et al, 2008a) reported higher prevalence of E. coli O157 when DGS was included in the diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Management Practices and Distillers' Grains Feeding on the Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157 in Feedlot Cattle in Minnesota

Fink

Popowski

Anderson

et al. 2013

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Escherichia coli O157 is a foodborne pathogen that can be transmitted by contaminated ground beef and is shed naturally in cattle feces. Recent reports indicated that feeding distillers' grains (DG) to cattle increased fecal shedding and prevalence of E. coli O157. In Minnesota, feeding DG with solubles (DGS) to livestock became widespread within the last 10 years, but there is no report about the prevalence of E. coli O157 in beef cattle in this state. This study was undertaken to survey the fecal prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle fed diets containing DG and its association with environmental conditions and management practices. Fecal samples were collected from three feedlots during a 1-year period. All animals in those feedlots were fed different DGS levels. E. coli O157 presence was determined using a combination of enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar, and confirmation of isolates by immunoassay and multiplex virulence genes polymerase chain reaction analysis. Overall, E. coli O157 was confirmed in 9.7% of samples. Prevalence during summer was 30% and declined to less than 10% the rest of the year. In animals grouped by dietary DGS concentration, no significant difference in prevalence (12.0 and 5.5%) was detected between the low and the high average groups (less and more than 20%). Previous feeding of DGS before arriving to the feedlot also had no influence on fecal prevalence. The presence of several interacting variables, uncontrolled in a real-life feedlot environment, was the likely reason for our observation and suggested that at the levels studied, DGS had no effect on the STEC O157 prevalence in cattle populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Management Practices and Distillers' Grains Feeding on the Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157 in Feedlot Cattle in Minnesota

Fink

Popowski

Anderson

et al. 2013

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…Recently, a multistate epidemiologic study conducted in feedlots showed that the odds of obtaining an E. coli O157-positive fecal sample were six times higher if cattle were fed brewers' grains, a fermentative product similar to DG (9). The authors suggested that the increased odds of obtaining an E. coli O157-positive sample may have been due to components of the brewers' grain or management factors associated with brewers' grain …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of starch and the presence of relatively high concentrations of ruminal escape protein and bran (fiber) components of DG are likely to impact the ecology of the hindgut. Dewell et al (9) found that fecal samples from cattle fed brewers' grains, a fermentative product similar to DG, were more likely to be positive for E. coli O157 than fecal samples from cattle not fed brewers' grains. In a previous study (25), we observed that feedlot cattle fed WDG had a higher prevalence of E. coli O157 on one of two collection days; however, the positive association was apparent on both days.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Dried Distillers’ Grain on Fecal Prevalence and Growth of Escherichia coli O157 in Batch Culture Fermentations from Cattle

Jacob¹,

Fox²,

Drouillard

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Distillers' grains (DG), a by-product of ethanol production, are fed to cattle. Associations between Escherichia coli O157 prevalence and feeding of DG were investigated in feedlot cattle (n ‫؍‬ 379) given one of three diets: steam-flaked corn (SFC) and 15% corn silage with 0 or 25% dried distillers' grains (DDG) or SFC with 5% corn silage and 25% DDG. Ten fecal samples were collected from each pen weekly for 12 weeks to isolate E. coli O157. Cattle fed 25% DDG with 5 or 15% silage had a higher (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) prevalence of E. coli O157 than cattle fed a diet without DDG. Batch culture ruminal or fecal microbial fermentations were conducted to evaluate the effect of DDG on E. coli O157 growth. The first study utilized microbial inocula from steers fed SFC or dry-rolled corn with 0 or 25% DDG and included their diet as the substrate. Ruminal microbial fermentations from steers fed DDG had higher E. coli O157 contents than ruminal microbial fermentations from steers fed no DDG (P < 0.05) when no substrate was included. Fecal fermentations showed no DDG effect on E. coli O157 growth. In the second study with DDG as a substrate, ruminal fermentations with 0.5 g DDG had higher (P < 0.01) E. coli O157 concentrations at 24 h than ruminal fermentations with 0, 1, or 2 g DDG. In fecal fermentations, 2 g DDG resulted in a higher concentration (P < 0.05) at 24 h than 0, 0.5, or 1 g DDG. The results indicate that there is a positive association between DDG and E. coli O157 in cattle, and the findings should have important ramifications for food safety.Cattle are major reservoirs for Escherichia coli O157, a significant food-borne pathogen (19,24,32). Asymptomatic colonization by E. coli O157 in cattle occurs in the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the mucosal surface of the rectum (31), and the organism is shed in feces (2, 6). There are multiple variables that influence the prevalence and shedding of E. coli O157 in ruminants (2, 34, 37). One of these factors is diet (3,5,6,10,14,40), which may suggest that diet influences the physiological environment of the gut and affects the survival and establishment of E. coli O157.Different diet components have been evaluated to identify associations with E. coli O157 shedding. An epidemiologic study revealed a positive association between cattle receiving barley grain in their diet and E. coli O157 prevalence in feedlot cattle (8), which was confirmed by natural prevalence and challenge model studies (3, 5). Several studies have indicated that forage-fed cattle shed E. coli O157 in their feces for a longer duration than grain-fed cattle (21, 40). Increased amounts of starch reaching the hindgut can increase volatile fatty acid production and reduce the pH in the hindgut, altering the environment for growth and survival of the organism (14, 35).The fermentation of cereal grains for ethanol production results in a coproduct called distillers' grains (DG), which can be used as a livestock feed. This coproduct is the "spent" fraction that remains after distillation of ethanol. T...

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“…Regional differences in the probability for cattle to shed E. coli O157:H7 have been reported (Dewell et al, 2005). Also, regional differences were reported in a study that evaluated the probability to detect E. coli O157:H7 in two large beef processing plants, one located in the southern United Sates and the other in the northern United States (Rivera-Betancourt et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Two-Dose Regimen of a Vaccine Against Type III Secreted Proteins ReducedEscherichia coliO157:H7 Colonization of the Terminal Rectum in Beef Cattle in Commercial Feedlots

Smith

Moxley

Peterson

et al. 2009

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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A large-scale clinical vaccine trial of commercially fed cattle was conducted to test the efficacy of a two-dose regimen of a vaccine product against type III secreted proteins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the probability to detect the same organism from terminal rectal mucosa (TRM) as a measure of gut colonization. Vaccine was administered to all cattle within treated pens at arrival processing and at reimplant processing. At harvest, TRM was collected from a sample of cattle from within vaccinated and nonvaccinated pens. The TRM were collected by scraping the mucosa of the terminal rectum 3-5 cm proximal to the rectoanal juncture. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated and identified from TRM using standard culture methods involving selective enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and PCR confirmation. The probability to detect E. coli O157:H7 from TRM was modeled using a generalized linear mixed model with a logit link function and accounting for random effects of pen within feedlot. Seven hundred eighteen cattle were tested from within 21 pens of cattle (11 vaccinated and 10 not vaccinated) representing 3683 cattle. E. coli O157:H7 was cultured from 68 of 718 (9.5%) TRM samples. Eleven of 382 (2.9%) vaccinated cattle and 57 of 336 (17.0%) nonvaccinated cattle were TRM culture positive. From the multilevel logistic model, vaccinated cattle were 92% less likely to be colonized with E. coli O157:H7 than nonvaccinated cattle (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, p = 0.0008). Additional explanatory variables were region of the state (OR = 7.4, p = 0.04), and pens with fewer cattle (OR = 0.22, p = 0.05). We concluded that the two-dose vaccine regimen effectively reduced the probability for E. coli O157:H7 colonization of the terminal rectum of commercially fed cattle at harvest.

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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Escherichia coli O157 in Market-Ready Beef Cattle from 12 U.S. Feedlots

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Impact of Management Practices and Distillers' Grains Feeding on the Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157 in Feedlot Cattle in Minnesota

Impact of Management Practices and Distillers' Grains Feeding on the Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157 in Feedlot Cattle in Minnesota

Effects of Dried Distillers’ Grain on Fecal Prevalence and Growth of Escherichia coli O157 in Batch Culture Fermentations from Cattle

A Two-Dose Regimen of a Vaccine Against Type III Secreted Proteins ReducedEscherichia coliO157:H7 Colonization of the Terminal Rectum in Beef Cattle in Commercial Feedlots

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