Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children

Afsari, Sonia; Rose, Kathryn A.; Gole, Glen A.; Philip, Krupa; Leone, Jody Fay; French, Amanda; Mitchell, Paul

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302637

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The prevalence of refractive anisometropia among grade 2 schoolchildren in our study was similar to and between that in East Asian countries [12,19]. In addition, our results were higher than those for preschool or 6-year-old children populations [11,13,14,17]. Increasing age has been found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of refractive anisometropia [12,16,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence and association of refractive anisometropia with near work habits among young schoolchildren: The evidence from a population-based study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLifestyle behaviour may play a role in refractive error among children, but the association between near work habits and refractive anisometropia remains unclear.MethodsWe estimated the prevalence of refractive anisometropia and examined its association with near work activities among 23,114 children in the Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei who were grade 2 elementary school students at baseline in 2013 and 2014. Baseline data on demographics, medical history, parental history and near work habits were collected by parent-administered questionnaire survey. Refractive status was determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. Refractive anisometropia was defined as the spherical equivalent difference ≥ 1.0 diopter between eyes.ResultsThe prevalence of refractive anisometropia was 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0% to 5.6%). The prevalence and severity of refractive anisometropia increased with both myopic and hyperopic refractive error. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that refractive anisometropia was significantly associated with myopia (odds ratio [OR], 2.98; 95% CI, 2.53–3.51), hyperopia (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.98–2.83), degree of astigmatism (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.005–1.006), amblyopia (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.06–3.12), male gender (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78–0.99) and senior high school level of maternal education (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52–0.92). Though anisometropic children were more likely to spend more time on near work (crude OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02–1.29) and to have less eye-to-object distance in doing near work (crude OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.30), these associations became insignificant after additional adjustment for ocular, demographic and parental factors.ConclusionsThe present study provides large-scale, population-based evidence showing no independent association between refractive anisometropia and near work habits, though myopia is associated with refractive anisometropia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence and association of refractive anisometropia with near work habits among young schoolchildren: The evidence from a population-based study

et al. 2017

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“…30,38 Similarly, if untreated in children, anisometropia is also a significant risk factor for amblyopia. 32,39 Several methodological issues need to be discussed. The strength of this population-based study was its representative sample of the country's multiethnic youth male population and the comparison of two cohorts of similar demographics separated by a 13-year period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Young Asian Males in Singapore between 1996–1997 and 2009–2010

Koh¹,

Yang²,

Saw³

et al. 2014

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

108

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“…11 There are many doubts regarding the best optical prescription in keratoconus patients due to anisometropia and visual acuity differences. In cases of anisometropia, 16 the optical correction might lead to visual discomfort related to aniseikonia or prismatic effects in different positions of the eye, or may or may not be associated with impaired stereopsis associated with amblyopia or impaired vision. [17][18][19] The goal of this study was to clarify whether keratoconus is associated with binocular impairment and to try to identify the possible factors (such as visual acuity, heterophorias, fusional amplitude, anisometropia, corneal astigmatism) that may be associated with a binocular disturbance in these subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor Status, Binocular Vision, and Stereoacuity in a Series of Keratoconus Subjects

Antunes-Foschini

Coutinho

Rocha

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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In our study, the KG presented a higher frequency of strabismus and impaired binocular vision. Frontal astigmatism was different between groups with gross and fine stereopsis, in both the CG and KG. Future studies are needed to elucidate or reinforce the factors associated with the loss of binocularity in keratoconus. Testing for stereopsis may be helpful to consider in the treatment guidelines for keratoconus.

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Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence and association of refractive anisometropia with near work habits among young schoolchildren: The evidence from a population-based study

Prevalence and association of refractive anisometropia with near work habits among young schoolchildren: The evidence from a population-based study

Differences in Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Young Asian Males in Singapore between 1996–1997 and 2009–2010

Oculomotor Status, Binocular Vision, and Stereoacuity in a Series of Keratoconus Subjects

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