Prevalence of antibodies against caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus in goat herds in Norway

Nord, K.; Rimstad, Espen; Storset, Anne K.; Løken, T.

doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(97)00080-1

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…CAE-seropositive goats show a considerable reduction in milk yield compared with CAE seronegative goats, especially in later lactations (Greenwood 1995, Sanchez and others 2001, Martínez-Navalóna and others 2013), and thus CAE is an important and costly disease in dairy goats (Reina and others 2009). A study from 1998 showed that 86 per cent of Norwegian dairy goat herds had CAEV-positive animals and, overall, 42 per cent of the animals tested were seropositive (Nord and others 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and caseous lymphadenitis in goats: use of bulk tank milk ELISAs for herd‐level surveillance

et al. 2015

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two ELISA tests applied to bulk tank milk (BTM) as the first part of a two-step test scheme for the surveillance of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) infections in goats. The herd-level BTM tests were assessed by comparing them to the test results of individual serological samples. The potential for refining the cut-off levels for BTM tests used as surveillance tools in a population recently cleared of infection was also investigated. Data was gathered on serum (nCAE =9702 and nCLA=13426) and corresponding BTM (nCAE=78 and nCLA=123) samples from dairy goat herds enrolled in the Norwegian disease control and eradication programme 'Healthier Goats'. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the CAE ELISA BTM test with respect to detecting ≥2 per cent within-herd prevalence were 72.7 per cent and 86.6 per cent, respectively. For the CLA ELISA BTM the sensitivity and specificity were 41.4 per cent and 81.7 per cent, respectively, for the same goal of detection. The results suggest that BTM testing can be applied as a cost-effective first step for early detection of CAE and CLA infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and caseous lymphadenitis in goats: use of bulk tank milk ELISAs for herd‐level surveillance

et al. 2015

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“…CAEV is highly prevalent in the Norwegian goat population (Nord et al, 1998). As there is little information available…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of small-ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus

Gjerset

Storset

Rimstad

2006

Journal of General Virology

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Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), including Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) in sheep, are lentiviruses that, despite overall similarities, show considerable genetic variation in regions of the SRLV genome. To gain further knowledge about the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among field isolates of SRLVs occurring in geographically distinct areas, the full-length genomic sequence of a CAEV isolate (CAEV-1GA) and partial env sequences obtained from Norwegian CAEV-infected goats were determined. The genome of CAEV-1GA consisted of 8919 bp. Alignment studies indicated significant diversity from published SRLV sequences. Deletions and hypervariability in the 59 part of the env gene have implications for the size of the proposed CAEV-1GA Rev protein and the encoded surface glycoprotein (SU). The variable regions in the C-terminal part of SU obtained from Norwegian CAEV isolates demonstrate higher sequence divergence than has been described previously for SRLVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on SU sequences gives further support for a unique group designation. The results described here reveal a distant genetic relationship between Norwegian CAEV and other SRLVs and demonstrate that there is more geographical heterogeneity among SRLVs than reported previously. INTRODUCTIONSmall-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are monocyte/ macrophage-tropic lentiviruses of goats and sheep. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and the ovine maedi-visna virus (MVV) cause persistent infections that can induce systemic diseases affecting joints, mammary glands and respiratory and central nervous systems after long incubation periods (Narayan et al., 1993). Ingestion of infected colostrum and milk or direct contact with infected animals are the major transmission modes of SRLV within flocks (reviewed by Blacklaws et al., 2004). SRLV infections are widespread in most regions of the world and are associated with economic losses in small-ruminant production (reviewed by Peterhans et al., 2004).Like other lentiviruses, SRLVs are characterized by high genetic diversity, resulting from factors such as high mutational rates and rapid virus production (Wain-Hobson, 1996). The SRLV genome contains the structural genes gag, pol and env, in addition to the regulatory genes rev, vif and tat. SRLVs are closely related genetically; however, one of the hallmarks of lentiviruses is the genetic variation, found mainly in the viral env and rev genes, as well as in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region (Pyper et al., 1986;Knowles et al., 1991). Sequence information from SRLVs occurring in geographically distinct areas is limited, and thus the extent of diversity and the impact that these variations may have on viral properties and various methods used for diagnosis of infection are only partly known.Prototypic full-length SRLV sequences include that of CAEVCo, a strain originally isolated in the USA (Saltarelli et al., 1990), the ovine South African SA-OMVV strain , the British EV-1 strain...

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“…Our results showed that the prevalence of CAEV in goats in Iran was 15.7% which was higher than Mexico (3.6%) [22], Italy (4.0%) [23] and Great Britain (10.3%) [24] but entirely lower than USA (73%) [25] and Norway (86%) [26]. Serological study in Hungary showed that 30% of the Hungarian goat population was infected with CAEV [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The First Molecular Detection of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (Caev) in Iran

Emami¹

2014

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus that naturally infects goats and induces chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease. Infection of goats has a worldwide distribution but it has not been previously recognized by molecular method in Iran. For this reason, 95 blood samples were taken from 4 months to 3 years goats to determine naturally infected animals with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The PCR primers were designed to amplify a 433 base pair region of the proviral gag gene. Results showed that 15.7 percent of sampled goats (15 cases) were positive for CAEV. The present study was confirmed the presence of CAEV genome in goats flock of Iran for the first time. samples were taken from jugular vein and mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 10 ml EDTA-blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. They were then destroyed in buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5; 12.5mM EDTA-Na 2 ; 150 mM NaCl; 0.5% SDS) containing Proteinase K (Sigma) (50 µg per 10 7 PBMC) at 55° for 2 h. Genomic DNA was subsequently extracted twice with phenol-chloroform-isoamylic acid alcohol (25:24:1, v/v/v, Sigma). It was then again extracted twice with chloroform-isoamylic acid alcohol (24:1, v/v, Sigma). Following treatment with 96% ethanol (Sigma) and centrifugation, the precipitate was re-suspended in distilled water (40 µl) and stored at 4°C till the day of the PCR test [15]. The First Molecular Detection of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (Caev) in Iran Gag gene-PCRPrimers used to amplify the group associated antigen (gag) gene were those described by Clavijo and Thorsen [16], their sequence as follows:Forward: 5' AGGAGGAGGATTAACAGTGG-3' Reverse: 5' TCCTGGCCTTAATGCTTGTG-3' PCR amplificationThe PCR reaction was carried out in primus 96 thermal cycler. DNA fragment were amplified in 25 µL reaction mixtures containing approximately 3 µL of genomic DNA, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM each Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates (dNTPs), 400 Nm of each primer and 2.5U Taq DNA polymerase and 5% DMSO. The PCR amplification was achieved by 35 cycles each including a denaturation step at 94°C for 1 min, annealing step at 50°C for 30 sec and extension step at 72°C for 1 min. PCR amplified DNA fragments were analyzed by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide and visualized on a UV trans illuminator [15].

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Prevalence of antibodies against caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus in goat herds in Norway

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and caseous lymphadenitis in goats: use of bulk tank milk ELISAs for herd‐level surveillance

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and caseous lymphadenitis in goats: use of bulk tank milk ELISAs for herd‐level surveillance

Genetic diversity of small-ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus

The First Molecular Detection of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (Caev) in Iran

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