Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Elements of Salmonella Serovars From Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Shrimps

Abstract

Gastrointestinal illnesses continue to be a global public health risk. Exposure to foodborne Salmonella directly or indirectly through consumption of ready-to-eat seafood can be an important route of infection to humans. This study was designed to estimate the population cell density, prevalence, virulence gene signatures, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars from ready-to-eat shrimps. Ready-to-eat (RTE) shrimp samples were obtained from different open markets in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria from November 2016 to October 2017. We employed classical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches. The mean Salmonella species enumerated from the RTE shrimps ranged from −0.301 to 5.434 log 10 cfu/g with 210/1440 (14.58%) of the RTE shrimp samples harbored Salmonella species. After biochemical and PCR approach, the identified isolates were Salmonella Enteritidis 11(24.4%), Salmonella Typhimurium 14 (31.1%) and other Salmonella spp. 20 (44.4%). All Salmonella species recovered were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin with 100% sensitivity to cefotaxime, cephalothin, colistin, and polymyxin B. Findings on the multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile showed that a total of 9/14 (64.3%) of Salmonella Enteritidis were resistant to 5 antibiotics which belongs to 3 different groups of antimicrobials with a multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) index of 0.21; while 3/11 (27.3%) of Salmonella Typhimurium were resistant to 11 antibiotics which belongs to 7 different groups of antimicrobials with a MAR index of 0.46. Virulence genes ( spi A, sip B, inv A, sif A, flj B, and sef A) and resistance genes (class 1 and II integrase, sul 2, catB 3, flor, tmp, bla TEM , str B, dfr 1, and tet C) were also detected in some of the Salmonella species with variable percentage. This study indicates that ready-to-eat shrimps are probable reservoirs harboring Salmonella strains. The identified Salmonella isolates which exhibited virulence determinants and antibiotic-resistant coupled with high MAR index constitute a consumer health risk to the communities.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Poultry and Humans in Poland

“…These results were confirmed by Chen et al [ 37 ] and Duffy et al [ 38 ]. However, the prevalence rates presented by other authors [ 23 , 24 , 30 , 39 ] generally indicate a lower prevalence (0.0–10.0%) of sulfonamide resistance. It is worth noting that strains resistant to older generations of antimicrobials, such as tetracyclines and sulfamethoxazole, are most commonly isolated among Salmonella spp.…”

Hygienic-sanitary quality of ready-to-eat salmon sashimi (Salmo Salar)

“…Prevention requires care in all stages of the food chain, from production to consumption (WHO, 2018). Puah et al (2017) found Salmonella enterica in 21.66% (13/60) of retail sashimi samples in Valley Klang, Malaysia, which was also observed by other authors in fresh fish in Nigeria (Beshiru et al, 2019), Jordan (Obdait e Salman, 2017) and Turkey (Onmaz et al, 2015).…”

“…It presented intermediate resistance to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Tetracycline, and was sensitive to Ampicillin, Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, and Trimethropim-sulfamethoxazole, as shown in Table 3. Recent studies in various countries have reported high resistance profile of fresh fish to these antimicrobial agents, such as fresh shrimp (Penicillin 100%, Ampicillin 83.86%, and Tetracycline 45.45%) in Nigeria (BESHIRU et al, 2019); fresh prawn (Ampicillin 21.9%, Tetracycline 25%, and…”

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

“…In contrast, colistin is mainly used in food-producing animals, but AMR was detected in livestock and humans [218,219]. Multidrug AMR and potentially pathogenic bacteria have been isolated in seafood from different countries [220][221][222][223][224].…”