Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in the Chinese population in relation to exposure to COVID-19 and region of residence

Cui, Xilong; Huang, Chunxiang; Xue, Zhenpeng; Liu, Jianbo; Luo, Xuerong

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102362

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In line with the previous studies ( 15 , 16 , 20 ), risk exposures were associated with higher levels of emotional distress. However, the strength of the associations appeared to vary by the relationship of the exposed to the individual, i.e., emotional distress was highest for self-infection/close contact, followed by family member infection/close contact, and finally, neighbor infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…COVID-19 can be viewed as a stress event that can trigger related negative emotions ( 23 ). More importantly, direct exposure to COVID-19 ( 20 ), such as a family member contracting COVID-19 ( 69 ), can increase the risk of infection in oneself or other family members, leading to more psychological distress in individuals. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, people were advised to stay home to prevent the spread of the virus ( 70 ), objectively putting themselves or their family members at potential risk of infection while being relatively less affected by their neighbors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals’ higher levels of direct exposure, or other experiences associated with the pandemic, might have a particularly strong impact on an individual’s psycho-emotional reactions, including suffering from anxiety, fear, depression, and anger. Exposure experiences might include oneself being infected with COVID-19 ( 16 ), having close contact with people diagnosed with COVID-19 or showing symptoms of COVID-19 ( 20 ), working in high-risk locations or settings ( 21 ), the presence of confirmed cases in the community ( 13 , 14 ), and having family members or friends diagnosed with COVID-19 ( 15 ). For instance, studies have shown that individuals who have been in contact with suspected COVID-19 cases or infected objects have higher levels of anxiety symptoms ( 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundCOVID-19 affects not only the physical health of individuals but also their mental health and different types of risk exposures are believed to have different effects on individual emotional distress.ObjectiveThis study explores the relationships between risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsThis study is based on an online survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 1 to 10 February 2020, with a total of 2,993 Chinese respondents recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress.ResultsThis study found that all types of risk exposures were significantly associated with emotional distress. Individuals with neighborhood infection, family member infection/close contact, and self-infection/close contact had higher levels of emotional distress (B = 0.551, 95% CI: −0.019, 1.121; B = 2.161, 95% CI: 1.067, 3.255; B = 3.240, 95% CI: 2.351, 4.129) than those without exposure. The highest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing self-infection/close contact, while the lowest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing neighborhood infection and the moderate levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing family member infection (Beta = 0.137; Beta = 0.073; Beta = 0.036). Notably, the disruption of life aggravated the effect of self-infection/close contact on emotional distress and family member infection/close contact on emotional distress (B = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.036, 0.398; B = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.393). More importantly, perceived controllability lowered the strength of the association between self-infection/close contact and emotional distress, as well as family member infection/close contact and emotional distress (B = −0.180, 95% CI: −0.362, 0.002; B = −0.187, 95% CI: −0.404, 0.030).ConclusionThese findings shed light on mental health interventions for people exposed to or infected with COVID-19 near the beginning of the pandemic, particularly those who themselves had COVID or had family members with COVID-19 risk exposure, including being infected/having close contact with an infected person. We call for appropriate measures to screen out individuals or families whose lives were, or remain, more severely affected by COVID-19. We advocate providing individuals with material support and online mindfulness-based interventions to help them cope with the after-effects of COVID-19. It is also essential to enhance the public’s perception of controllability with the help of online psychological intervention strategies, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction programs and mindfulness-oriented meditation training programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…The responses of our study's participants are parallel to the findings of studies published on COVID-19. [44][45][46][47] In terms of the COVID-19ASS responses, the participants have differing opinions when it comes to the action taken after testing and about known positive COVID-19. Studies that reported on results of people's anxiety related to H1N1, Middle East respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus, and Swine flu found the anxiety became more apparent to those who encountered someone with the disease 48 and that the anxiety related to the pandemic will persist even after the pandemic is eradicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multidimensionality of anxiety among nursing students during COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study

et al. 2021

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Background: Over the past year, healthcare workers constantly report their COVID-19 anxiety. However, this concept remained understudied among nursing students (NSs).Aim: This study investigated the difference between NSs' three types of anxiety and their profile variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design. Three instruments were used: COVID-19 anxiety scale (CAS), COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (COVID-19ASS), and short health anxiety inventory (SHAI) to collect data from 484 Saudi NSs. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test and linear regression to analyze the data. Results: Across the three instruments; CAS, Item 1 "I feel bad when thinking about COVID-19"; COVID-19ASS, Item 11 "I have imagined what could happen to my family members if they contracted COVID-19"; and SHAI, Item 17 "A serious illness could ruin many aspects of my life" yielded the highest means. COVID-19ASS showed a significant difference for the profiles "known positive" (p = 0.05) and "action taken after with testing" (p = 0.05). NS, who knew someone with COVID-19, was the only predictor of CAS. Conclusion: Our study concludes NSs experience anxiety symptoms. Anxiety is specific to COVID-19 or a set of similar anxiety symptoms. Further research is needed to explore the anxiety state of NSs during the pandemic.

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“…They contributed to the emergence of psychiatric disease with psychotic, anxious or thymic symptoms, in people with or without history of mental illness [ 4–6 ]. Sometimes these symptoms have led to criminal or suicidal acts [ 7 ] including an increase in domestic violence caused by people suffering from a severe mental illness [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted altruistic infanticide in a context of psychotic decompensation induced by stress linked to the COVID-19pandemic: a case report

Jantzi

Perrin

2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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The mediatization of the COVID-19 pandemic has created a lot of stress leading sometimes to mental health issues. We present a case of a thirty-year-old woman with no history of psychotic disease but some vulnerabilities and no criminal record, who attempted to kill her seven-year-old son during a brief delusional episode in the context of fear of the coronavirus. She was successfully treated by pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. She was examined by forensic psychiatrists leading to the conclusion that her responsibility was highly diminished, and her reoffending risk was low. We add to the literature that the COVID-19 pandemic has been such a stressor for mentally vulnerable people that it could lead to severe psychiatric decompensation and even criminal acts.

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Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in the Chinese population in relation to exposure to COVID-19 and region of residence

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability

Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability

The multidimensionality of anxiety among nursing students during COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study

Attempted altruistic infanticide in a context of psychotic decompensation induced by stress linked to the COVID-19pandemic: a case report

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