Prevalence of Bell’s palsy in Qena Governorate, Egypt

Khedr, Eman M.; Fawi, Gharib; Abbas, Mohammed; El-Fetoh, Noha Abo; Ahmed, Omyma Galal; Gamea, Ayman

doi:10.1080/01616412.2016.1190121

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The result showed the number of cases per month was significantly and negatively was significantly and negatively correlated with the summer months and mean monthly temperatures (p = 0.002 and < 0.000, respectively) and strong positive correlation with monthly wind chill factor (p < 0.000). Wind chill factor is a novel, reliable estimator of the overall meteorological factorsderived risk [83] A community-based research in Qena Governorate, Egypt confirmed the most frequent precipitating factors for an episode of Bell's palsy were exposure to air draft in 40%. This could be related to variations between day and night temperatures in their community.…”

Section: Anatomical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that the wind chill factor, which depends on both temperature and wind speed, is a novel, reliable estimator of the overall meteorological factor derived risks that influence the probability of BP occurrence. Furthermore, a community-based study was conducted to assess the factors that precipitated cases of BP in Qena Governorate, Egypt [83]. The most frequent precipitating factors were exposure to air draft (40%) and upper respiratory tract infection (13.3%).…”

Section: Acute Cold Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The etiology of Bell’s palsy: a review

et al. 2019

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Bell's palsy is the most common condition involving a rapid and unilateral onset of peripheral paresis/paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve. It affects 11.5-53.3 per 100,000 individuals a year across different populations. Bell's palsy is a health issue causing concern and has an extremely negative effect on both patients and their families. Therefore, diagnosis and prompt cause determination are key for early treatment. However, the etiology of Bell's palsy is unclear, and this affects its treatment. Thus, it is critical to determine the causes of Bell's palsy so that targeted treatment approaches can be developed and employed. This article reviews the literature on the diagnosis of Bell's palsy and examines possible etiologies of the disorder. It also suggests that the diagnosis of idiopathic facial palsy is based on exclusion and is most often made based on five factors including anatomical structure, viral infection, ischemia, inflammation, and cold stimulation responsivity.

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Section: Anatomical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Cold Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The etiology of Bell’s palsy: a review

et al. 2019

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“…Bell's palsy is most likely to represent an autoimmune reaction in response to a component of the peripheral nerve myelin, leading to demyelination of the facial nerve (Greco et al, ). This autoimmune disease can be triggered by a viral infection as well as acute cold (Jeon et al, ; Khedr et al, ; Kokotis & Katsavos, ; Wakisaka et al, ) and accounts for 60%–75% of all cases of unilateral facial paralysis (Adel, Kawthar, Amine, Youssef Souha, & Abdellatif, ). Subcutaneous fat is the primary line of defense against cold stimuli, which can release various secretory factors or adipokines that signal the immune system (Huh, Park, Ham, & Kim, ; Vielma, Klein, Levingston, & Young, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, accumulating evidence from epidemiological studies has shown that the incidence of Bell's palsy is related to temperature and cold wind factors (Franzke et al, ; Kokotis & Katsavos, ; Spengos et al, ; Zhao et al, ). Specifically, the incidence of Bell's palsy was found to increase during cold days or in regions with a large diurnal temperature difference, indicating that a sharp temperature change may be one of the risk factors for facial palsy (Hsieh, Wang, & Lee, ; Khedr et al, ). The adipose tissue provides protection against cold stimuli and is also considered to be an endocrine organ capable of releasing various secretory factors or adipokines (Kuryszko, Slawuta, & Sapikowski, ; Wang, Mariman, Renes, & Keijer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune‐related gene expression profiles of hypothermia adipocytes: Implications for Bell's palsy

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2019

Oral Diseases

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Objective To identify immune‐related gene expression profiles of adipocytes under low temperatures with RNA sequencing as a model for Bell's palsy implications. Methods Adipocytes were harvested from the white adipose tissue of male Sprague‐Dawley rats and cultured under different acute‐grade cold exposure conditions of 30, 20, and 10°C, and their genomes were sequenced for RNA sequencing analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results In total, 55 (35 upregulated and 20 downregulated), 121 (76 upregulated and 45 downregulated), and 92 (64 upregulated and 28 downregulated) DEGs were identified under 30, 20, and 10°C compared with the control, respectively. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were considerably enriched in immune‐related pathways (leukocyte transendothelial migration and platelet activation) and infection (bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and Salmonella infection). The levels of key inflammatory chemokines (CSF1, CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL7) were enhanced after cold exposure. Conclusion These findings broaden our understanding of the immune responses to cold exposure in adipocytes. The molecular profiles of adipocyte immune function will help clarify the potential mechanism impacting myelin, which might contribute to the development of strategies to control Bell's palsy.

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“…A study from the Benghazi region of Libya showed people above the sixth decade in age as being prone to Bell's palsy [3]. This was at variance with neighbouring Egypt whose findings showed the highest ages of involvement to be 40-49 years [12]. A door-door survey in the rural part of the Cordillera province of Bolivia however, found similarly to the Libyan study with the prevalence of Bell's palsy increasing with age to peak at 65 years [13].…”

Section: Age and Bell's Palsymentioning

confidence: 97%

HIV infection, seasonality and younger age predicting incident Bell’s palsy among black South Africans

et al. 2020

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Background Although South Africa (SA) is facing a high prevalence of HIV infection, there is no literature from this region on a link between Bell’s palsy and HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the occurrence of Bell’s palsy in relation to demographics, seasons and HIV status among black South Africans. Methods This retrospective cohort was conducted among adult black patients, without Bell’s palsy in 2003, presenting to the neurology outpatients department at Dr. George Mukhari Academic hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, between 2004 (study baseline) and 2012 (end test). Gender, age, HIV status, and seasons were potential predictors of Bell’s palsy using Cox regression model and Kaplan Meier curves. Results From the baseline of 1487 patients, 20.9% (n = 311) experienced Bell’s palsy onset by the end of the study. In univariate analysis, male gender (RR = 2.1 95% CI 1.7–2.5; P < 0.0001), age less than 30 years (RR = 2.9 95% CI 2.4–3.6; P < 0.0001), HIV seropositivity (RR =2.9 95% CI 2.3–4.9; P < 0.0001). The highest incidence in winter (30.3% n = 136/450) vs. incidences during other seasons with Intermediate values during Summer (25.3% n = 136/450) and Autumn (20.7% n = 64/308) and the lowest incidence in Spring (23.7% n = 16/353) P < 0.0001) were predictors of Bell’s palsy. In multivariate analysis at adjusting for gender, the most significant and independent predictors of incident Bell’s palsy were HIV seropositivity (HR = 6.3 95% CI 4.8–8.3; P < 0.0001), winter (HR = 1.6 95% CI 1.2–2.1; P < 0.0001) vs. other seasons, and younger age < 30 years (HR = 7.1 95% CI 5.6–9.1; P < 0.0001) vs. older age groups. Conclusion Seasonality, younger age and HIV positivity are important and independent risk factors of Bell’s palsy. Education and awareness programs on the possible effects of HIV and seasons on the development of Bell’s palsy are necessary. This would lead to a better understanding and even a possible development of avoidance measures for this condition amongst young black South Africans.

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Prevalence of Bell’s palsy in Qena Governorate, Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

The etiology of Bell’s palsy: a review

The etiology of Bell’s palsy: a review

Immune‐related gene expression profiles of hypothermia adipocytes: Implications for Bell's palsy

HIV infection, seasonality and younger age predicting incident Bell’s palsy among black South Africans

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