Prevalence of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents with
                        attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Hassan, Amani; Agha, Sharifah Shameem; Langley, Kate; Thapar, Anita

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078741

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This question arose in part from observations of a high rate of "manic-like" symptoms in clinical samples of children with ADHD (10, 11), a high rate of ADHD in clinically referred children with ultra-rapid cycling bipolar disorder (12), and a high rate of comorbidity in some cross-sectional studies of children of bipolar parents (13). However, the diagnosis of mania in clinically referred pediatric samples is a point of debate (14), and elevated rates of comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder are not consistently found in pediatric clinical (15) or high-risk study cohorts (16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Nature of the Association Between Childhood ADHD and the Development of Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Prospective High-Risk Studies

Duffy

2012

AJP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Nature of the Association Between Childhood ADHD and the Development of Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Prospective High-Risk Studies

Duffy

2012

AJP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, using a nationwide psychiatric case register in Denmark covering a background population of 5.1 million inhabitants, 39 children (23 boys, 16 girls) were identified has having the diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis between 1970 and 1986 before the age of 15 (Thomsen et al 1992). In addition, no cases of mania were found in a British clinic survey of 2500 children aged 10 and under (Harrington and Myatt 2003) and only one child met diagnostic criteria for both ICD-10 hypomania and DSM-IV bipolar disorder NOS in a UK sample of 200 young people with ADHD (6-18 years, mean age 11.15) (Hassan et al 2011). A recent meta-analysis re-examined prevalence rates of paediatric bipolar disorder in epidemiological samples (Van Meter et al 2019).…”

Section: Cross-national Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-pubertal bipolar disorder: origins and current status of the controversy

Duffy

Carlson

Dubicka

et al. 2020

Int J Bipolar Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Evidence from epidemiological, clinical and high-risk studies has established that the peak period of risk for onset of bipolar disorder spans late adolescence and early adulthood. However, the proposal of the existence of a pre-pubertal form of bipolar disorder manifesting in early childhood created substantial debate. In this narrative review, the literature and contributing factors pertaining to the controversy surrounding the proposed pre-pubertal bipolar disorder subtype are discussed. The resolution of the debate and lessons learned are highlighted. Main body: In the mid 1990s US researchers proposed that chronic irritability and explosive temper in pre-pubertal children with pre-existing ADHD and/or other learning and developmental disorders might represent a variant of mania. A number of factors contributed to this proposal including severely ill children with no diagnostic home given changes in the ADHD DSM diagnostic criteria and over-reliance on symptoms and structured interviews rather than on a clinical assessment incorporating developmental history, social context and clinical course. Prospective studies of children at high familial risk did not support the proposed pre-pubertal bipolar phenotype; but rather provided convergent evidence that bipolar disorder onset in adolescence and early adulthood not uncommonly preceded by sleep and internalizing symptoms and most often debuting as depression in adolescence (after puberty). Epidemiological studies of population and hospital discharge data provided evidence that the pre-pubertal bipolar phenotype was largely a US driven phenomenon. Conclusions: Psychiatric diagnosis is particularly challenging given the current lack of objective biomarkers. However, validity and utility of clinical diagnoses can be strengthened if all available predictive information is used to formulate a diagnosis. As in other areas of medicine, critical information required to make a valid diagnosis includes developmental history, clinical course, family history and treatment response-weighed against the known trajectories of classical disorders. Moreover, given that psychiatric disorders are in evolution over childhood and adolescence and symptoms, in of themselves, are often non-specific, a thorough clinical assessment incorporating collateral history and psychosocial context is paramount. Such an approach might have avoided or at least brought a more timely resolution to the debate on pre-pubertal mania.

show abstract

“…Rates of PBD in children with ADHD vary widely depending on the sample and which assessment approach is used (Pataki & Carlson, 2013). Specifically, a number of reviewers have pointed out that differences in methodologies influence rates of PBD in ADHD samples and rates of ADHD in PBD samples (Carlson, 2011; Galanter & Leibenluft, 2008; Hassan, Agha, Langley, & Thapar, 2011; Pataki & Carlson, 2013). Serrano, Ezpeleta, and Castro-Fornieles (2013) found that 8% of an ADHD sample met criteria for PBD and 6% for BD–not otherwise specified (BD-NOS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%