Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in two California chicken processing plants

Wempe, J. M.; Genigeorgis, Constantin; Farver, Thomas B; Yusufu, H. I.

doi:10.1128/aem.45.2.355-359.1983

Cited by 127 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lammerding et al (1988) isolated C. jejuni from 74% of turkey meat samples and Acuff et al (1982) found campylobacters in 0-100% of turkey meat samples. Wempe et al (1989) proposed that the number of campylobacters in the intestine (10 6 g −1 in their study) correlated with the presence of the organism in the edible parts. Our study, which shows that the Campylobacter population in turkeys changes over time, indicates that the extent of carcass contamination could depend on when the birds are slaughtered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The colonization of turkeys by thermophilic campylobacters

1998

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The rate at which five broods of turkey chicks became colonized by thermophilic campylobacters was investigated. Day‐old chicks were normally free of campylobacters on arrival on the farm with colonization beginning within 7 d. The carriage rate was 100% by day 14 in three of the broods and by day 21 in the other two. Higher carriage rates were obtained with enrichment procedures than with direct plating. Two broods were investigated over an extended interval for the number of campylobacters shed in their faeces. In brood A, campylobacters increased from day 1 to day 14 concomitant with increases in the carriage rate and in the number of chicks with diarrhoea. By day 39, when the birds were sold to other farms, the excretion rate had reached 6 × 107 campylobacters g−1 fresh faeces. Brood B was monitored over 91 d and showed peaks in Campylobacter numbers on days 19 and 75, corresponding to peaks in the number of diarrhoeic samples. The introduction of new birds into the brood resulted in an increase in the Campylobacter population and in the number of birds with diarrhoea. Campylobacter jejuni was the only species isolated but comprised several different biotypes. Analysis of the number of campylobacters at different sites along the gastrointestinal tract of mature turkeys at slaughter showed that numbers increased with distance from the beak and were highest in the caeca.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The colonization of turkeys by thermophilic campylobacters

1998

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“…On the farm, C. jejuni contaminates the environment once the chickens become colonized (Lindblom et al 1986;Gregory et al 1997). At the poultry processing plant, the organism has been isolated from a number of critical control points (Wempe et al 1983;Genigeorgis et al 1986). Previously, only a few attempts were made to isolate the organism from fomites that enter poultry farms during depopulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some potential sources for transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to broiler chickens

Ramabu

Boxall

Madié

et al. 2004

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aims: The aim of the study was to determine Campylobacter jejuni contamination and prevalence on fomites moving between broiler farms and the processing plant in the period after cleaning and before departure to harvest chickens. In addition, changes in the proportion of contaminated fomites in the course of a day were assessed. Methods and Results: Pooled swab samples were obtained from pallets, crates, wheels of trucks, tractors and forklifts, truck beds, and from drivers' and catchers' boots. After enrichment in Bolton's broth Campylobacter were recovered on modified blood-free Campylobacter selective agar (mCCDA). Isolates were identified using tests for phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. Of the 209 samples collected, 53% were positive for C. jejuni, with all fomites positive except tractor wheels. Pallets had the highest contamination rate at 75%. More than 50% of catchers' boots, drivers' boots, crates and truck wheels were positive. Forty-seven per cent and 31% of truck beds and forklift wheels, respectively, were contaminated. The proportion of contaminated fomites did not change significantly during the day. Conclusions: This study has identified trucks, forklifts, pallets, crates, drivers' and catchers' boots as potential sources of C. jejuni for broilers. Significance and Impact of the Study: Campylobacter jejuni contamination of broiler processing plant fomites was found to be extensive ranging from 31% for truck beds to 75% for pallets. The proportion of contaminated fomites was observed to be similar throughout the day. The impact of contaminated fomites as sources of colonization of broilers with C. jejuni is discussed.

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“…It is almost impossible to prevent cross-contamination between different batches of chickens at the slaughter house regarding the usual slaughtering conditions. Scalding, mechanical evisceration and the subsequent washing and water chilling procedures favour the cross-contamination of carcasses (Wempe et al 1983;Cason et al 1999). This can lead to signi®cant rates of contamination, both in chickens and in processed products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-contamination between different batches of chickens at the slaughterhouse is almost impossible to prevent with current slaughtering processes. Scalding, mechanical evisceration, washing and water chilling procedures tend to enhance cross-contamination of carcasses (Wempe et al 1983). This may explain the signi®cant rates of contaminated chicken products found in supermarkets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter contamination in French chicken production from farm to consumers. Use of a PCR assay for detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Camp. coli

et al. 2001

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Aims: Campylobacter contamination in French chicken production from the farm to the consumer was determined using a PCR assay for bacteria detection and identi®cation. Methods and Results: Samples were bird droppings from poultry houses, neck skins, livers, hearts, gizzards, wings, legs and escalopes from slaughterhouses and gizzards, legs, drumstick, breast and escalopes from a supermarket. Bacterial DNA extraction was performed after an enrichment step in a broth and was followed by PCR. An internal control (IC) was used for both DNA extraction and PCR. Campylobacter were detected in 79á2% of poultry houses. Of the 303 samples, 201 were Campylobacter-positive (i.e. 66á3%) including 43á2% faecal samples, 5á6% slaughterhouse samples and 17á5% supermarket samples. There was no signi®cant difference between the molecular method and the conventional culture technique for Campylobacter detection whatever the samples. The sensitivity was 5 UFC g)1 of samples and 1á5´10 3 UFC ml )1 of enrichment broth. The use of IC revealed PCR inhibition in 13 samples and problems in the DNA extraction in ®ve samples. Conclusions: Signi®cant Campylobacter contamination affects all stages of French chicken production. Signi®cance and Impact of the Study: The understanding of Campylobacter contamination at different levels of chicken production and the determination of the best place(s) for intervention are important for signi®cantly decreasing Campylobacteriosis. Our technique is rapid and can be used on different chicken samples for Campylobacter detection and identi®cation.

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Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in two California chicken processing plants

Cited by 127 publications

References 18 publications

The colonization of turkeys by thermophilic campylobacters

The colonization of turkeys by thermophilic campylobacters

Some potential sources for transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to broiler chickens

Campylobacter contamination in French chicken production from farm to consumers. Use of a PCR assay for detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Camp. coli

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