Prevalence of CRISPR-Cas Systems and Their Possible Association with Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Collected from Hospital Wastewater

Alduhaidhawi, Athraa Harjan Mohsen; AlHuchaimi, Sundus Nsaif; Al-Mayah, Thikra Abdullah; Al-Ouqaili, Mushtak T.S.; AlKafaas, Samar Sami; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Saki, Morteza

doi:10.2147/idr.s358248

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the current study, we found that the presence of orphan CRISPR2(42%) was more in Enterococcus than CRISPR1-Cas (23%) and CRISPR3-Cas (5%), which was similar to Alduhaidhawi. 28 In non-clinical Enterococcus faecium isolates, Huescas et al 29 demonstrated a higher prevalence rate of CRISPR2 and lower frequency of CRISPR1-Cas (5.6%) and CRISPR3-Cas (1.8%) system. In contrast to our study, Palmer et al 30 found that CRISPR2 was present in all Enterococcus faecalis isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of CRISPR-Cas System with the Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Nosocomial Isolates of Enterococcus

Tao¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the CRISPR-Cas system in nosocomial isolates of Enterococcus and their possible association with antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Materials and Methods Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of the microorganism were performed by the automatized VITEK 2 Compact system (bioMerieux, France). A total of 100 Enterococcus isolates were collected and identified by VITEK 2 Compact automatic microbial identification drug susceptibility analyzer. The prevalence of various CRISPR-Cas systems, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of CRISPR-Cas systems associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was performed by appropriate statistical tests. Results A total of 100 isolates of Enterococcus were identified and there were 62/100(62.0%) Enterococcus faecalis isolates and 38/100(38.0%) Enterococcus faecalis isolates. In total, 46 (46.0%) of 100 isolates had at least one CRISPR-Cas locus. CRISPR elements were more prevalent in Enterococcus faecalis isolates. The results of PCR demonstrated that CRISPR1-Cas, orphan CRISPR2, and CRISPR3-Cas were present in 23 (23.0%), 42 (42.0%) and 5 (5.0%) Enterococcus isolates, respectively. Compared with CRISPR-Casnegative isolates, the CRISPR-Cas positive isolates showed significant lower resistance rates against ampicillin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and rifampicin. Presumably consistent with drug susceptibility, fewer CRISPR loci were identified in vanA, tetM, ermB, aac6’-aph(2”), aadE , and ant(6) positive isolates. There was a significant negative correlation between the CRISPR-Cas locus and the enterococcal virulence factors enterococcal surface protein ( esp ) gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the results indicated that the absence of the CRISPR-Cas system was negatively associated with some antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium . Also, there was a negative correlation with the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas may prevent some isolates from acquiring certain virulence factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of CRISPR-Cas System with the Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Nosocomial Isolates of Enterococcus

Tao¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2022

IDR

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show abstract

“… 59 The literature suggested an inverse relationship between the occurrence of the type II CRISPR-Cas system and antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis . 107 E. faecalis isolates generally possess only the orphan CRISPR2. 108 Most multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains generally lack the functional CRISPR1-Cas or CRISPR3-Cas systems.…”

Section: Crispr-cas System’s Role In the Development Of Antibiotic Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of the CRISPR-Cas System in Antibiotic Resistance

Tao¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2022

IDR

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The emergence and global epidemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health in recent years. AMR genes are shared between bacterial pathogens mainly via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), thereby accelerating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and increasing the burden of drug resistance. There is an urgent need to develop new strategies to control bacterial infections and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) are an RNA-guided adaptive immune system in prokaryotes that recognizes and defends against invasive genetic elements such as phages and plasmids. Because of its specifically target and cleave DNA sequences encoding antibiotic resistance genes, CRISPR/Cas system has been developed into a new gene-editing tool for the prevention and control of bacterial drug resistance. CRISPR-Cas plays a potentially important role in controlling horizontal gene transfer and limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we will introduce the structure and working mechanism of CRISPR-Cas systems, followed by delivery strategies, and then focus on the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and CRISPR-Cas. Moreover, the challenges and prospects of this research field are discussed, thereby providing a reference for the prevention and control of the spread of antibiotic resistance.

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“…A study [ 119 ] has shown that multidrug-resistant enterococci lack CRISPR/Cas system elements, suggesting that the CRISPR/Cas system in bacteria may play an important role in hindering drug resistance transmission. The literature suggests an inverse relationship between the occurrence of the type II CRISPR-Cas system and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis [ 120 ].…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Transfer Of Antibiotic Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e literature suggests an inverse relationship between the occurrence of the type II CRISPR-Cas system and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis [120].…”

Section: Crispr-cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Vivo Model

Tao

Liang

et al. 2022

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major public health threat. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment or clinical setting pose a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs is one of the main reasons for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in vitro and in vivo environments. There is a consensus on the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the spread of bacterial resistance. Most drug resistance genes are located on plasmids, and the spread of drug resistance genes among microorganisms through plasmid-mediated conjugation transfer is the most common and effective way for the spread of multidrug resistance. Experimental studies of the processes driving the spread of antibiotic resistance have focused on simple in vitro model systems, but the current in vitro protocols might not correctly reflect the HGT of antibiotic resistance genes in realistic conditions. This calls for better models of how resistance genes transfer and disseminate in vivo. The in vivo model can better mimic the situation that occurs in patients, helping study the situation in more detail. This is crucial to develop innovative strategies to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the future. This review aims to give an overview of the mechanisms of the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and then demonstrate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the in vivo model. Finally, we discuss the challenges in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and their potential solutions.

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Prevalence of CRISPR-Cas Systems and Their Possible Association with Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Collected from Hospital Wastewater

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Association of CRISPR-Cas System with the Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Nosocomial Isolates of Enterococcus

Association of CRISPR-Cas System with the Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Nosocomial Isolates of Enterococcus

The Application of the CRISPR-Cas System in Antibiotic Resistance

The Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Vivo Model

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