Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal

Hoge, C. W.; Echeverria, Peter; Rajah, Ramachandran; Jacobs, Jennifer; S, Malthouse; Chapman, Edward H.; Jiménez, Leonardo Mata; Shlim, D

doi:10.1128/jcm.33.11.3058-3060.1995

Cited by 84 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our finding that Giardia infection is common amongst asymptomatic children is also consistent with previous studies in the developing world (Hoge et al . 1995; Fraser et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A longitudinal study of Giardia lamblia infection in north‐east Brazilian children

Newman

Moore

Lima

et al. 2001

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryOBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia infection, investigate factors which might be associated with clinical manifestations and recurrence, and examine the role of copathogens in disease course. METHODS METHODSProspective 4-year cohort study of children born in an urban slum in north-eastern Brazil.RESULTS RESULTS Of 157 children followed for ³ 3 months, 43 (27.4%) were infected with Giardia. The organism was identi®ed in 8.8% of all stool specimens, and although found with similar frequency in non-diarrhoeal (7.4%) and diarrhoeal stools (9.7%), was more common in children with persistent (20.6%) than acute diarrhoea (7.6%, P 0.002). Recurrent or relapsing infections were common (46%). Children with symptomatic infections had signi®cantly lower weight-for-age and height-for-age than asymptomatic children. Copathogens were not associated with disease course.CONCLUSIO N CONCLUSION With its protean clinical manifestations, Giardia may be associated with substantial morbidity amongst children in Brazil.

show abstract

“…Our finding that Giardia infection is common amongst asymptomatic children is also consistent with previous studies in the developing world (Hoge et al . 1995; Fraser et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…1995). However, other studies have identified Giardia just as commonly (or even more commonly) in asymptomatic as in symptomatic children (Hoge et al . 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A longitudinal study of Giardia lamblia infection in north‐east Brazilian children

Newman

Moore

Lima

et al. 2001

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other similarities include the low prevalence or absence of infections due to Salmonella spp., P. shigelloides, G. lamblia, E. histolytica, EIEC, and EHEC; a lack of association with diarrhea for EAEC and DAEC; a high prevalence of mixed infections; and a high rate of asymptomatic carriage of pathogens by controls (8,16,24). However, in contrast to a study in neighboring Nepal, we did not detect C. cayetanensis in our children (23), and contrary to the finding in Thailand, we found an association with diarrhea for Aeromonas spp. (16,37).…”

Section: 065])contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Initial studies indicated that it causes diarrhea mainly in immunocompromised patients and prolonged diarrhea in expatriate populations in certain developing countries including Nepal (42). However, a subsequent study in Nepal suggested that it also causes diarrhea among the indigenous children (23). In a previous study in Bangladesh, it was detected in some patients with prolonged diarrhea (2).…”

Section: 065])mentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Study of Enteropathogens Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, is a major center for research into diarrheal diseases. The center treats more than 100,000 patients a year. To obtain useful information representative of all patients, a surveillance system in which a 4% systematic sample of all patients is studied in detail, including etiological agents of diarrhea, was installed in October 1979. The first paper on etiology for the surveillance patients was published in 1982, which identified a potential enteric pathogen in 66% of patients. In subsequent years, several new agents of diarrhea have been identified. To assess the importance of a broader spectrum of diarrheal agents including the ones identified relatively recently, we studied 814 children with diarrhea. The children were up to 5 years of age and were part of the surveillance system. They were matched with an equal number of community controls without diarrhea. The study was conducted from February 1993 to June 1994. A potential enteric pathogen was isolated from 74.8% of diarrheal children and 43.9% of control children (P = 0.0001). Even though the first study was not a case-control study, it identified rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholerae O1 as major pathogens. The present study identified these pathogens as being significantly associated with diarrhea. In addition, the study also identified six additional agents, including enteropathogenic E. coli, Aeromonas spp., V. cholerae O139, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, and Cryptosporidium parvum, as being significantly associated with diarrhea. Plesiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella spp., diffusely adherentE. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli,Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia were not significantly associated with diarrhea. Enteroinvasive E. coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis were not detected in any of the children. The major burden of diseases due to most pathogens occurred in the first year of life. As in the previous study, seasonal patterns were seen for diarrhea associated with rotavirus, V. cholerae, and enterotoxigenic E. coli, and infections with multiple pathogens were common. With a few exceptions, these findings are in agreement with those from other developing countries. This knowledge of a broader spectrum of etiological agents of diarrhea in the surveillance patients will help us plan studies into various aspects of diarrheal diseases in this population.

show abstract

“…A total of 4497 patients with diarrhoea were admitted in the year 2000 in STIDH. Although several studies have been conducted in the past, there are no clear figures on the etiology of diarrhoea in the adult population (WHO, 1992;Hoge et al, 1995;Sherchand and Shrestha, 1996). Despite a number of individual hospitals setting up their own guidelines at present, there is still no established national protocol for the management of diarrhoeal diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Diarrhoea Among Adult Patients During the Early Monsoon Period in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Pandey

Thapa

Sherchand

et al. 2002

Jap. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One hundred and eighty-one patients with acute diarrhoea attending the gastroenteritis ward of Sukra Raj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) were investigated during the early monsoon, April to May 2001. Bacterial pathogens were isolated in 33% of the patients. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated in 8.28%, Shigella species in 13.25% and Vibrio cholerae 01 in 1.1% of the patients. Mixed infections with bacterial pathogens, helminths and protozoan parasites were commonly observed in the study. Trichuris trichiuria was detected in 27.6%, hookworms in 12.7% and Ascaris lumbricoides in 11.04%. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia were observed in 12.7% and 7.73% of the patients, respectively. A large number of Cryptosporidium (7.73%) and Cyclospora species (3.86%) usually present in immunocompromised patients were also detected in acute diarrhoeal cases. The results showed that a wide range of bacterial pathogens was isolated from the inhabitants of Kathmandu, Nepal prior to the monsoon. These findings indicate that the bacterial pathogens, especially diarrhoeaginic E. coli and Shigella, and protozoan parasites, need to be given additional attention in the diagnosis and treatment of acute diarrhoea.

show abstract

Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

A longitudinal study of Giardia lamblia infection in north‐east Brazilian children

A longitudinal study of Giardia lamblia infection in north‐east Brazilian children

Case-Control Study of Enteropathogens Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Etiology of Diarrhoea Among Adult Patients During the Early Monsoon Period in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About