Prevalence of Dermatomycosis in a Brazilian Tertiary Care Hospital

Costa-Orlandi, Caroline Barcelos; Magalhães, Geraldo Magela; Oliveira, Milena B. de; Taylor, Erika Linzi Silva; Marques, Cynthia Roberta Souza; Stoianoff, Maria Aparecida de Resende

doi:10.1007/s11046-012-9576-1

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…, a positive rate of around 60% was found, and most cases were clinically characterized as DLSO. 14,15 These data are in agreement with literature reports that characterize DLSO as the most commonly observed clinical pattern. 16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Onychomycosis: clinical, mycological and in vitro susceptibility testing of isolates of Trichophyton rubrum

Azambuja

Pimmel

Klafke

et al. 2014

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BACKGROUND Onychomycosis or nail fungal infection is the most common nail disease. Despite the wide range of studies on this condition, it remains difficult to establish the correct diagnosis and effective treatment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of classical laboratory methods for the diagnosis of onychomycosis, and the in vitro susceptibility of the its main etiological agent to antifungals used in routine. METHODS Nail samples of 100 patients with clinically suspected feet onychomycosis were collected to confirm the diagnosis by direct mycological examination and fungal culture. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against strains of the main dermatophyte isolated by microdilution, according to the standardized protocol (M38-A2 - CLSI) RESULTS Clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis was confirmed by laboratory analysis in 59% of patients. Of these, 54.2% were positive only in direct mycological examination, 44.1% in direct mycological examination and culture, and one case (1.7%) was positive only in culture, resulting in weak agreement between these tests (Kappa = 0.385; p <0.001) High minimum inhibitory concentration values of fluconazole and itraconazole were observed in 66.7% and 25.0% of isolates of T. rubrum tested. Additionally, high MIC values of terbinafine and ciclopirox was detected in only one isolate, and this was one of the strains in which in vitro activity of itraconazole and fluconazole has not been proven. CONCLUSIONS Poor agreement was observed between direct mycological examination and culture for the diagnosis of onychomycosis, with direct mycological examination being significantly more sensitive. Except for fluconazole, the other three antifungals tested showed good in vitro activity against clinical isolates of T. rubrum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Onychomycosis: clinical, mycological and in vitro susceptibility testing of isolates of Trichophyton rubrum

Azambuja

Pimmel

Klafke

et al. 2014

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…rubrum was the most frequent agent of dermatophytosis, which corroborates the literature [16]. It is commonly found in all regions of the body, except on the scalp, where M. canis predominates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Trichophyton was the predominant genus among the three genera of dermatophytes, as observed in previous studies performed worldwide [12,16]. Based on the data compiled in the review by Havlickova et al [12], the lowest Trichophyton genus percentage was in Africa, with about 50% of the cases of dermatophytosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Dermatophytosis: a 16-year retrospective study in a metropolitan area in southern Brazil

Heidrich

Garcia

Stopiglia

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Dermatophytoses are considered a public health problem. The objectives of this study were to determine the evolution of their prevalence in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and to analyze the dermatophyte species distribution according to body site and demographic characteristics of the patients. Methodology: This work was a retrospective analysis of data from patients attending a tertiary care hospital during 1996-2011. Results: There were 9,048 cases with cultures positive for dermatophytes. Trichophyton rubrum occurred in 59.6% of the cases, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale (34%), Microsporum canis (2.6%), Epidermophyton floccosum (1.5%), Microsporum gypseum (1.3%), and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.9%). The angular coefficients for T. interdigitale, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, and M. canis were +1.119, +0.211, -0.826 and -0.324% per year, respectively. Males presented higher prevalence of infection (79.3% versus 53.9%). Tinea unguium occurred in 48.5% of the cases, followed by tinea pedis (33.1%). T. rubrum was the predominant species in all regions of the body except the scalp, where M. canis was responsible for 75% of the cases. Conclusion: Monitoring of the evolution of dermatophytosis tracks changes in prevalence over the years and may assist practical measures for the public health control of this disease.

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“…These fungi belong to three main genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, of these T. rubrum is the most prevalent species worldwide [7,8]. The mechanisms of pathogenicity of these fungi are not yet well understood.…”

Section: Superficial and Cutaneous Fungal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

Melo¹,

Scorzoni²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

J Biotechnol Biomater

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Fungal diseases have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi have evolved an array of virulence factors to survive within the host and to outwit immune defenses. Fungi may cause a wide range of diseases in humans that range in extent from superficial to disseminated infections. Generally, the site of infections classifies the type of fungal disease, which can be divided into superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. In addition, the fungal virulence factors determine whether the infection will become established in the host. A primary pathogen may infect an immunologically normal host, whereas, an opportunistic pathogen requires some compromise of the host immune defenses in order for the infection to become established. This article covers the main fungi that are responsible for the increase of the fungal infections.Keywords: Fungal infections; Virulence; Yeast; Opportunistic infections; Endemic mycosis Fungal InfectionsFungal diseases have changed constantly in the last years. The virulence of these microorganisms has been adapted according to the human host, promoting a range of clinical manifestation. Several are the ways by which fungi promote a disease depending on human body part involved by the microorganism and the immunologic system of the host [1].In this review, we discuss the main fungal pathogens responsible for causing several diseases, highlighting on their virulence associate to clinical manifestation and the difficulty to accomplish the treatment. Superficial and cutaneous fungal diseasesSuperficial and cutaneous fungal infections are very common and occur worldwide affecting millions of people, especially immunocompromised patients. The most common types of these infections are dermatophytosis (tinea or ringworm), pityriasis versicolor (formerly tinea versicolor) and candidiasis (moniliasis). These occur by fungal invasion into the skin, keratinized tissues and mucous membranes [2]. Trichosporon and Fusarium species also cause superficial fungal infection, but also may be considered an invasive pathogen that may cause a systemic infection [3,4].Dermatophytosis: Dermatophytes are fungi that invade keratinized structures of humans and animals producing a condition called dermatophytosis or, more commonly, tinea [5,6]. These fungi belong to three main genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, of these T. rubrum is the most prevalent species worldwide [7,8]. The mechanisms of pathogenicity of these fungi are not yet well understood. There are several studies focusing on keratinolytic proteases (keratinases) produced by dermatophytes, but it is not known how these fungi regulate the use of these proteases to obtain nutrients from the stratum corneum substrate they invade, and whether there are additional roles of these proteins in adhesion and immunomodulation [9].To establish the infection, the contact of arthroconidia or hyphal fragmens with the host skin is essential. The fungi express spe...

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Prevalence of Dermatomycosis in a Brazilian Tertiary Care Hospital

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Onychomycosis: clinical, mycological and in vitro susceptibility testing of isolates of Trichophyton rubrum

Onychomycosis: clinical, mycological and in vitro susceptibility testing of isolates of Trichophyton rubrum

Dermatophytosis: a 16-year retrospective study in a metropolitan area in southern Brazil

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

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