Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among residents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

Abstract

BackgroundThe Three Gorges Dam in China is the world’s largest hydro-electric scheme in the contemporary world. After the construction of the Dam, great changes took place on the residents’ lifestyles characterized by reduced physical activity due to the loss of arable land and a series of psychological problems caused by resettlement, which might be regarded as contributing factors to the development of diabetes in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR). However, there is no study that has been conducted targeting large population samples with the aim of determining the prevalence of diabetes in TGRR. This study purposed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the adult population ≥18 years in TGRR and to evaluate the associated risk factors.MethodsA total of 3721 randomly selected adults, aged ≥18 years and having lived in TGRR for at least one year, participated in questionnaire-based interview from April to May 2013 and had their physical examinations and standard glucose taken. 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted on the subjects with fasting glucose levels being ≥ 5.6 mmol/L. Diabetes and IFG were defined according to WHO 1999 criteria.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and IFG were 7.6% (7.9% among men and 7.4% among women) and 9.0% (9.1% among men and 8.9% among women), respectively. Among the identified cases of diabetes in this study, 54.46% (171/314) were newly diagnosed. The prevalence of diabetes cases rose with age (4.0%, 4.5%, 8.1%, 11.2%, 12.4% and 12.9% among persons who were 18 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69 and ≥ 70 years of age, respectively). The results of multivariate logistic-regression analyses showed that the diabetes was significantly linked to age, family history of diabetes, central obesity, educational level and hypertension for both men and women. In addition, smoking was significantly associated with diabetes in men.ConclusionsDiabetes has become a major public health problem in the TGRR with a large number of the cases undiagnosed. These results suggest that regular population-based diabetes screening should be conducted to identify early-stage diabetes and integrated strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of diabetes initiated.

Epidemiology of Diabetes in adults in GanSu province of northwest China

“…More than one half of those diabetes mellitus cases (50.9%) were the new detected and this phenomenon was more serious in young people, which was consistent with the results reported in other parts of China (25)(26). This finding indicated both a relatively rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes and the lack of medical examination.…”

Association between obesity indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly people in Jinan, China: a cross-sectional study

“…25 The prevalence of T2DM was 19.3% for men and 15.3% for women in adults ≥50 years in our study. This prevalence was higher than that of 11.6% for all of China,26 12.7% for Harbin,27 5.5% for Guangzhou,28 6.7% for Shanghai,29 5.3% for Haikou30 and 7.6% in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region 31. T2DM prevalence increased with age, in men more than women, in urban more than rural areas and in the north more than the south of China 4…”

Reduction Levels and the Effects of High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin via AMPK/eNOS in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes

“…Therefore, effective prevention of diabetes and development of therapeutic interventions to reduce the symptoms and occurrence of diabetes are critical. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia which is in the context of a real deficiency of insulin or a relative one associated with normal or even elevated plasma concentrations of insulin, i. e., insulin resistance (IR) due to β-cell dysfunction [3,4]. IR or diminished insulin sensitivity is a core feature of metabolic syndrome [5].…”

“…IR or diminished insulin sensitivity is a core feature of metabolic syndrome [5]. Studies have demonstrated that T2DM is commonly (80 %) associated with obesity [3,4]. Adiponectin (APN), which is one of most abundant fat-derived biologically active substances, has recently attracted much attention because of its antiinflammatory [6], anti-oxidative stress [7], antiatherosclerotic, or insulin-sensitizing [8] properties.…”

“…Further, animal data suggested eNOS knockout mice presented with a phenotype of IR hypertension, and dyslipidemia [21,24]. Nowadays, the prevalence of diabetes has risen rapidly over the last 30 years and grows nearly 17-fold from 0.7 % in 1984 to 11.6 % 2010 in Chinese adults [3]. However, the change of HMW APN isoform in the distribution of total APN and the association between T2DM and HMW APN isoform are not unclear in newly diagnosed Chinese T2DM.…”