Prevalence of echocardiographic evidence of cardiac disease in apparently healthy cats with murmurs

Nakamura, Reid K.; Rishniw, Mark; King, Megan K.; Sammarco, Carl D.

doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2010.12.007

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The concentration of NT‐proBNP was not found to be an independent predictor of hypertension or ocular‐TOD in the cats in our study, although many cats had increased concentrations, including in the control groups. This finding could be a result of subclinical heart disease, which is very prevalent in the feline population . Up to 16% of cats have subclinical cardiomyopathy, and therefore, exclusion of cats with evidence of heart disease may have introduced bias .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma N‐Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cardiac Troponin I as Novel Biomarkers of Hypertensive Disease and Target Organ Damage in Cats

Bijsmans

Jepson

Wheeler

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundIn the absence of ocular target organ damage (ocular‐TOD), diagnosis of hypertension is challenging in cats. Biomarkers would provide additional support for the diagnosis of hypertension.HypothesisVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) are predictors of systemic hypertension, will be increased in cats with hypertension with or without ocular‐TOD, and will decrease with antihypertensive treatment.MethodsPlasma VEGF, NT‐proBNP, and cTnI concentrations and UPC were determined in healthy geriatric cats, normotensive cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive cats with evidence of hypertensive retinopathy (HT‐ocular‐TOD), and hypertensive cats without hypertensive ocular‐TOD (HT‐noTOD). Comparisons among groups were performed. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were built to identify independent biomarkers of hypertension and ocular‐TOD. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to assess clinical use.ResultsCats with HT‐ocular‐TOD had significantly higher VEGF than all other groups (P < .05) and significantly higher NT‐proBNP than healthy cats (P < .001). Healthy cats had significantly lower cTnI than all other groups (P < .05). No differences were found among groups for UPC (P = .08). Cardiac troponin I and VEGF were independent predictors of hypertension (P < .05), but none of the biomarkers were independent predictors of ocular‐TOD. N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide concentrations decreased with antihypertensive treatment (P < .001). The ROC curves indicated that none of the biomarkers met the criteria to function as diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of hypertension or associated ocular‐TOD.Conclusions and Clinical SignificanceDespite statistical significance and changes with ocular‐TOD, antihypertensive treatment, or both, VEGF, NT‐proBNP, and cTnI did not function as useful diagnostic tests for hypertension. Persistently increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in combination with fundoscopy remains the preferred method for diagnosis of feline hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma N‐Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cardiac Troponin I as Novel Biomarkers of Hypertensive Disease and Target Organ Damage in Cats

Bijsmans

Jepson

Wheeler

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…25 Among adult cats with incidentally detected murmurs but no overt clinical signs, the prevalence of heart disease has been reported as 16 of 103 (16%) to 44 of 57 (77%), varying by geographic location, examiners, and study methods. [24][25][26][27][28][29] The most common underlying heart disease in adult cats is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (found in 15/103 [15%] to 38/61 [62%] of adult cats with incidentally detected murmurs), and the most common nonpathological murmur is caused by dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (8/103 [8%] to 9/57 [16%] of adult cats with incidentally detected murmurs). 24-30,e Subjectively, there is extensive overlap between the auscultatory characteristics of murmurs caused by cardiomyopathy and those resulting from nonpathological murmurs in cats, and generally, these cannot be differentiated from each other by auscultation alone.…”

Section: Heart Murmurs In Adult and Geriatric Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of incidentally detected heart murmurs in dogs and cats

Côté¹,

Edwards²,

Ettinger³

et al. 2015

javma

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“…It is relevant that subclinical echocardiographic abnormalities are common in the general feline population; 15.5% of apparently healthy euthyroid cats were found to have cardiomyopathy in a recent study . Other investigations have echocardiographically identified left ventricular hypertrophy in 34% of apparently healthy cats and in 40% of apparently healthy cats with murmurs . Therefore, it is uncertain whether cardiac abnormalities that persist after resolution of hyperthyroidism are the result of hyperthyroidism or concurrent primary cardiac disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiac Biomarkers in Hyperthyroid Cats

Sangster

Panciera

Abbott

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundHyperthyroidism has substantial effects on the circulatory system. The cardiac biomarkers NT‐proBNP and troponin I (cTNI) have proven useful in identifying cats with myocardial disease but have not been extensively investigated in hyperthyroidism.HypothesisPlasma NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations are higher in cats with primary myocardial disease than in cats with hyperthyroidism and higher in cats with hyperthyroidism than in healthy control cats.AnimalsTwenty‐three hyperthyroid cats, 17 cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 19 euthyroid, normotensive healthy cats ≥8 years of age. Fourteen of the hyperthyroid cats were re‐evaluated 3 months after administration of radioiodine (131I).MethodsComplete history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistries, urinalysis, blood pressure measurement, serum T4 concentration, plasma concentrations of NT‐proBNP and cTNI, and echocardiogram were obtained prospectively from each cat.ResultsHyperthyroid cats and cats with HCM had plasma NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations that were significantly higher than those of healthy cats, but there was no significant difference between hyperthyroid cats and cats with HCM with respect to the concentration of either biomarker. In hyperthyroid cats that were re‐evaluated 3 months after 131I treatment, plasma NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations as well as ventricular wall thickness had decreased significantly.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough there may be a role for NT‐proBNP in monitoring the cardiac response to treatment of hyperthyroidism, neither NT‐proBNP nor cTNI distinguish hypertrophy associated with hyperthyroidism from primary HCM. Therefore, the thyroid status of older cats should be ascertained before interpreting NT‐proBNP and cTNI concentrations.

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Prevalence of echocardiographic evidence of cardiac disease in apparently healthy cats with murmurs

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Plasma N‐Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cardiac Troponin I as Novel Biomarkers of Hypertensive Disease and Target Organ Damage in Cats

Plasma N‐Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cardiac Troponin I as Novel Biomarkers of Hypertensive Disease and Target Organ Damage in Cats

Management of incidentally detected heart murmurs in dogs and cats

Cardiac Biomarkers in Hyperthyroid Cats

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