Prevalence of eight putative periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery disease patients and comparing them with noncardiac subjects: A case-control study

Abstract

It is concluded that CAD subjects had higher prevalence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilms as compared to the non cardiac subjects. Further, the number of bacteria was significantly associated between the subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques of the cardiac patients in south Indian population.

The presence of periopathogenic bacteria in subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques – An age related comparative analysis

“…Mahendra et al found more bacterial presence in subgingival plaque samples compared to atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries, but opposite to our results, T. denticola was the most detected pathogen (66.7% positive oral specimens vs. 51% positive artery specimens). The least detected bacteria in their study was A. actinomycetemcomitans that was found only in 2% of subgingival plaque samples [34]. Another group of Indian researchers found similar distribution of periopathogens in the same oral and arterial samples with exception of P. intermedia which showed higher prevalence in coronaries [9].…”

Periodontal pathogens and their role in cardiovascular outcome

“…The subgingival presence of E. corrodens was significant associated with CV disease in a case control study by Mahendra et al (). In addition, the occurrence of E. corroden s in the atherosclerotic plaque has been demonstrated (Mahendra et al, ).…”

“…The subgingival presence of E. corrodens was significant associated with CV disease in a case control study by Mahendra et al (). In addition, the occurrence of E. corroden s in the atherosclerotic plaque has been demonstrated (Mahendra et al, ). Other studies also determined E. corrodens in atherosclerotic lesions of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis as well as in atheromatous plaques from patients with CV disease and periodontitis (Kozarov, Sweier, Shelburne, Progulske‐Fox, & Lopatin, ; Reyes, Herrera, Kozarov, Roldan, & Progulske‐Fox, ).…”

“…Bacteraemia, endotoxaemia and systemic low‐grade inflammation have associated periodontitis to inflammatory systemic diseases such as CV diseases (Bale et al, ). Based on clinical studies available, it can be assumed that a higher abundance of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota, the greater is the probability that these bacteria enter the circulation, with possible involvement of periodontal pathogens in the pathogenesis of atheromatous plaques (Mahendra, Mahendra, Nagarajan, & Mathew, ). On account of pathophysiological understanding, recurrent oral inflammation promoted by periodontal pathogens should affect CV outcome.…”

Review. The Link between Periodontal Disease, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis — an Interdisciplinary Approach

“…12 At the same time, Mahendra et al proved that patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) exhibit higher levels of periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilms, and that the amount of subgingival bacteria was significantly associated with the amount of bacteria identified in the atherosclerotic plaques. 13 Various pathogens such as Chlamidia pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis or Helicobacter pylori were identified in human atheromatous plaques, suggesting that infectious agents present in the systemic circulation could penetrate the vascular endothelium and accumulate within the atheromatous plaques, favoring plaque progression. 1,14-21 Table 2 presents the main types of bacteria from oral microbiota, identified by different studies as related to atheromatous plaque formation.…”