Prevalence of equine coronavirus in nasal secretions from horses with fever and upper respiratory tract infection

Pusterla, Nicola; Holzenkaempfer, N.; Mapes, S.; Kass, Philip H.

doi:10.1136/vr.103263

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…BCoV (including ECoV) is not routinely recovered by VI and most studies on ECoV prevalence rely on PCR assays (Pusterla et al . , ; Miszczak et al . ; Hemida et al .…”

Section: Diagnostic Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel findings from a beta coronavirus outbreak on an American Miniature Horse breeding farm in upstate New York

Goodrich

Mittel

Glaser

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary This case report describes an outbreak and novel findings associated with a beta coronavirus (BCoV) infection that occurred on an American Miniature Horse (AMH) breeding farm in upstate New York, in January and February of 2013. Twenty‐nine AMH and one donkey were present on the farm when the outbreak occurred. One 10‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare, stabled at a separate location and owned by an employee of the farm, also tested positive. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of BCoV was performed at the Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC) at Cornell on all faecal samples. The PCR assay used detects multiple beta coronaviruses, including, but not limited to, equine enteric coronavirus (ECoV). Novel findings regarding this BCoV infection in horses were recognised in this outbreak study. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest outbreak of BCoV described thus far in a closed herd on a single premise. The case fatality rate was 0% unlike that described in a previous outbreak of ECoV involving miniature horses and a miniature donkey (Fielding et al. 2015). The morbidity rate was lower in this outbreak than in previously described studies (Oue et al. 2013; Pusterla et al. 2013). This outbreak also demonstrated the potential for BCoV transmission via farm personnel. The duration of shedding of virus in the faeces among some asymptomatic horses in this outbreak was longer than previously described clinical cases of ECoV (Pusterla et al. 2013; Nemoto et al. 2014). This study suggests that asymptomatic animals may play a role in the maintenance of BCoV during an outbreak; therefore, the need for diagnostic testing of both clinically affected and apparently clinically normal horses on a premises followed by appropriate biosecurity and control measures.

show abstract

“…BCoV (including ECoV) is not routinely recovered by VI and most studies on ECoV prevalence rely on PCR assays (Pusterla et al . , ; Miszczak et al . ; Hemida et al .…”

Section: Diagnostic Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel findings from a beta coronavirus outbreak on an American Miniature Horse breeding farm in upstate New York

Goodrich

Mittel

Glaser

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Equine coronavirus was first isolated from faeces of a diarrhoeic foal in 1999 (ECoV‐NC99) in North Carolina, USA (Guy, Breslin, Breuhaus, Vivrette, & Smith, ), and was initially believed to only affect foals. Since 2010, there have been several reports of ECoV‐associated respiratory and enteric infections in adult horses in Japan, Europe and the United States, but its global distribution is still poorly defined (Kooijman, Mapes, & Pusterla, ; Miszczak et al., ; Oue, Morita, Kondo, & Nemoto, ; Pusterla, Holzenkaempfer, Mapes, & Kass, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus infections in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman

Hemida

Chu

Perera

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equine coronaviruses (ECoV) are the only coronavirus known to infect horses. So far, data on ECoV infection in horses remain limited to the USA, France and Japan and its geographic distribution is not well understood. We carried out RT-PCR on 306 nasal and 315 rectal swabs and tested 243 sera for antibodies to detect coronavirus infections in apparently healthy horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. We document evidence of infection with ECoV and HKU23 coronavirus by RT-PCR. There was no conclusive evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in horses. Serological data suggest that lineage A betacoronavirus infections are commonly infecting horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman but antibody cross-reactivities between these viruses do not permit us to use serological data alone to identify which coronaviruses are causing these infections.

show abstract

“…In that study, the researchers found ECoV by qPCR in a total of 12 samples (11 fecal samples and one respiratory specimen). In a study testing nasal secretions from 2437 horses with signs of fever and/or acute onset of upper respiratory tract infection submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory in the USA from January 2013 to December 2014 for the detection of common respiratory pathogens, ECoV was detected by qPCR in only 17 (0.7 %) horses (Pusterla et al 2015b). Collectively, both these studies show that ECoV is infrequently detected in nasal secretions from horses with infectious upper respiratory tract disease, suggesting lack of tropism for ECoV to the respiratory epithelium.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%