Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans living in municipalities with high and low broiler density

Abstract

Prevalence of, and risk factors for, carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae were determined for 1025 Dutch adults in municipalities with either high or low broiler densities. Overall prevalence of ESBL carriage was 5.1%. The hypothesis that individuals in areas with high broiler densities are at greater risk for ESBL carriage was rejected, as the risk was lower (OR = 0.45; p 0.009) for these individuals. Owning a horse increased the risk (OR = 4.69; p ≤0.0001), but horse owners often owned multiple species of companion animals. Routes of transmission from animals to humans in the community, and the role of poultry in this process, remain to be elucidated.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae among the general population in a livestock-dense area

“…The findings of Reuland et al showing that the use of PPIs is a risk factor were confirmed [7]. In the present study, previous use of antibiotics and close contact with horses were not confirmed as being risk factors, although these determinants have been identified as risk factors in other studies [5,30].…”

“…An increased environmental exposure due to livestock did not cause a higher prevalence of carriage of ESBL/pAmpC-E in the population: the prevalence of 4.5% (95% CI 3.7e5.4) is comparable to the prevalence previously reported in the general population living in areas with high-as well as low-broiler densities [5], but lower than the prevalence observed among the general population in Amsterdam, although this urban population had a higher travel frequency, which may explain the difference [7]. The most common ESBL genes detected were bla CTX-M-15 , bla CTX-M-14/17 and bla CTX-M-1 , which is in accordance with other recent population-based studies in the Netherlands [7,24].…”

“…Previous studies on the carriage of ESBL-producing bacteria in the Dutch general population found prevalences of 5.1% and 8.6% [5,7]. The latter estimate was found in an urban setting [7], whereas the 5.1% prevalence was observed in the general population living in high-and low-density poultry areas.…”

“…The latter estimate was found in an urban setting [7], whereas the 5.1% prevalence was observed in the general population living in high-and low-density poultry areas. No increased risk was found for the population in the high-density area [5], but the average distance to the nearest broiler farm was relatively large. The present study focused on various kinds of livestock animals and the average distance of a substantial part of the participants to livestock farms was considerably shorter, contributing to higher discriminatory power of the study.…”

Phylogenetic Grouping and Phenotypic Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Among Escherichia coli From Calves and Dairy Cows in Khuzestan, Iran

“…[26][27][28][29] The increasing o pathogenic and commensal ESBL-producing E. coli strains are originated from different sources (such as human, food, and animal) and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among other members of Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem in the control and treatment of infections in human and animals. 20,[30][31][32][33][34] Moreover, some studies have shown that infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria leads to the increase in the economic costs of infections treatment and the morbidity and mortality of diseases. 35 Furthermore, resistance to other antibiotic classes was observed in ESBL-producing E. coli more than non-ESBL-producing iso lates.…”