Prevalence of gluten-free diet adherence among individuals without celiac disease in the USA: results from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010

DiGiacomo, Daniel; Tennyson, Christina A.; Green, Peter H.; Demmer, Ryan T.

doi:10.3109/00365521.2013.809598

Cited by 154 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…NCGS prevalence was reported to be about 6% based on the Maryland clinic experience (where between 2004 and 2010, 5896 patients were evaluated and 347 fulfilled NCGS diagnostic criteria), even though these data could overestimate the real prevalence of the disease, having been recorded in a referral center [23,64]. Furthermore, a recent paper, summarizing the results from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (years 2009-2010), reported a possible prevalence of NCGS of 0.55% in the general population in the United States [107]. It is possible that the real prevalence of NCGS is intermediate in this range (0.55%-6%).…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Ncgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Literature Review

Mansueto

Seidita

D’Alcamo

et al. 2014

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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Key words: non-celiac gluten sensitivity, celiac disease, wheat allergy, food allergy, HLA, flow cytometric basophil activation test, innate immune response Background: A significant percentage of the general population report problems caused by wheat and/or gluten ingestion, even though they do not have celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA), because they test negative both for CD-specific serology and histopathology and for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated assays. Most patients report both gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal symptoms, and all report improvement of symptoms on a gluten-free diet. This clinical condition has been named non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).Aim: We attempt to define the current pathogenic, clinical, and diagnostic criteria of this "new" disease, to provide a practical view that might be useful to evaluate, diagnose, and manage NCGS patients.Methods: We reviewed the international literature through PubMed and Medline, using the search terms "wheat (hyper)sensitivity," "wheat allergy," "wheat intolerance," "gluten (hyper)sensitivity," and "gluten intolerance," and we discuss current knowledge about NCGS.Results: It has been demonstrated that patients suffering from NCGS are a heterogeneous group, composed of several subgroups, each characterized by different pathogenesis, clinical history, and, probably, clinical course. NCGS diagnosis can be reached only by excluding CD and WA. Recent evidence shows that a personal history of food allergy in infancy, coexistent atopy, positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antigliadin antibodies and flow cytometric basophil activation test, with wheat and duodenal and/or ileum-colon intraepithelial and lamina propria eosinophil counts, could be useful to identify NCGS patients.Conclusions: Future research should aim to identify reliable biomarkers for NCGS diagnosis and to better define the different NCGS subgroups. Key teaching points:• Most patients report both gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal symptoms, and all agree that there is an improvement of symptoms on a gluten-free diet.• NCGS diagnosis can be reached only by excluding celiac disease and wheat allergy.• Patients suffering from NCGS are a heterogeneous group, composed of several subgroups, each characterized by different pathogenesis, clinical history, and, probably, clinical course.• A personal history of food allergy in infancy, coexistent atopy, positive IgG antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and flow cytometric basophil activation test, with wheat and duodenal and/or ileum-colon intraepithelial and lamina propria eosinophil counts, could be useful to identify NCGS patients.• Future research should aim to identify reliable biomarkers for NCGS diagnosis and to better define the different NCGS subgroup. Abbreviations: CD = celiac disease, WA = wheat allergy, NCGS = non-celiac gluten sensitivity, GFD = gluten-free diet, IBS = irritable bowel syndrome, HLA = human leukocyte antigen, tTg = antitissue transglutaminase, AGA = antigliadin antibodies, EMA = endomysial antigen, DGP = deami...

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Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Ncgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Literature Review

Mansueto

Seidita

D’Alcamo

et al. 2014

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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“…30 Intake of grains and whole grains as measured by mean daily CFG equivalent intake was low. A potential explanation for low total grain and whole grains intakes may be the increase in non-celiac gluten sensitivity 32 and a trend toward the adoption of glutenfree and low-carbohydrate diets [33][34][35] which can limit the intake of grain products. Finally, the food group equivalents intake distributions were similar to what has been previously observed in Alberta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of food group equivalents to the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II for the estimation of the Canadian Healthy Eating Index-2005

McInerney

Koushik

et al. 2018

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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Introduction Poor diet quality has been shown to increase the risk of common chronic diseases that can negatively impact quality of life and burden the healthcare system. Canada’s Food Guide evidence-based recommendations provide dietary guidance aimed at increasing diet quality. Compliance with Canada’s Food Guide can be assessed with the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI), a diet quality score. The recently designed Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (C-DHQ II), a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire could be used to estimate the C-HEI in Canadian populations with the addition of food group equivalents (representing Canada’s Food Guide servings) to the C-DHQ II nutrient database. We describe methods developed to augment the C-DHQ II nutrient database to estimate the C-HEI. Methods Food group equivalents were created using food and nutrient data from existing published food and nutrient databases (e.g. the Canadian Community Health Survey — Cycle 2.2 Nutrition [2004]). The variables were then added to the C-DHQ II companion nutrient database. C-HEI scores were determined and descriptive analyses conducted for participants who completed the C-DHQ II in a cross-sectional Canadian study. Results The mean (standard deviation) C-HEI score in this sample of 446 adults aged 20 to 83 was 64.4 (10.8). Women, non-smokers, and those with more than high school education had statistically significant higher C-HEI scores than men, smokers and those with high school diplomas or less. Conclusion The ability to assess C-HEI using the C-DHQ II facilitates the study of diet quality and health outcomes in Canada.

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“…Furthermore, the true prevalence is unknown because GFD has emerged as a new dietary trend. 13 Although NCGS can occur in any age group but adults are more prone than children, with a median age of onset of 40yrs (range: 17-63 yrs). NCGS is more prevalent in females (1:2.5) and in patients of IBS.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the placebo effect of gluten ingestion in self-diagnosed gluten sensitivity cases cannot be ruled out and has been clearly demonstrated in double-blind studies. [12][13][14] There has been a recent increase in perception among the general public that gluten is harmful. Gluten which is the main protein in wheat, barley and rye has been a relatively recent introduction to human diet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-celiac gluten hypersensitivity Munish Ashat, Rakesh Kochhar

Ashat¹,

Kochhar²

2014

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There has been an increasing interest in non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) in recent years. The condition is characterized by both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms that respond to gluten withdrawal. Most of the symptoms are subjective and for many years such patients remain in a diagnostic dilemma. Although symptomalogy is similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), NCGS is now regarded as a distinct clinical entity. However, the disease pathology is not well elucidated and our knowledge of NCGS is still very rudimentary. This review highlights the importance of this new clinical entity, outlines its pathological mechanisms and suggests a diagnostic algorithm for its management.

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Prevalence of gluten-free diet adherence among individuals without celiac disease in the USA: results from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010

Abstract: The estimated national prevalence of non-celiac gluten sensitivity is 0.548%, approximately half that of celiac disease. Future studies are merited in order to better understand the population burden of non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

Cited by 154 publications

References 25 publications

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Literature Review

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: Literature Review

Addition of food group equivalents to the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II for the estimation of the Canadian Healthy Eating Index-2005

Non-celiac gluten hypersensitivity Munish Ashat, Rakesh Kochhar

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