Prevalence of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Known for its high genetic diversity and variation in genotypic presence in different regions of the world, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to infect about 71 million people globally. Selection of an appropriate therapeutic regimen largely depends on the identification of the genotype responsible for the infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive view of HCV genotype and subtype distribution in Southeast Asia (SEA). The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched five databases without year and language restrictions. Data from 90 eligible studies involving 15,089 genotypes and 9,646 subtypes representing 10 SEA countries were analyzed. The pooled estimates showed that genotype 1 (46.8%) [95% CI, 43.2–50.4; I2 = 92.77%; p < 0.001] was the most dominant HCV genotype in the region, followed by genotype 3 (23.1%) [95% CI, 19.4–27.2; I2 = 93.03%; p < 0.001], genotype 6 (16.5%) [95% CI, 13.8–19.6], genotype 2 (4.6%) [95% CI, 3.5–5.9], genotype 4 (1.1%) [95% CI, 0.7–1.5] and genotype 5 (0.8%) [95% CI, 0.4–1.3]. Philippines had the highest prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2. Genotype 6 became more prevalent after year 2000. Over 40 different subtypes were identified, with subtypes 1b (26.3%), 1a (21.3%), and 3a (14.3%) being the most prevalent of all the reported subtypes. Although on a global scale, genotype 6 is considered highly prevalent in SEA, evidence from this study reveals that it is the third most prevalent genotype within the region.

Prevalence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV) Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Figure 1 shows a complete overview of the selection procedure. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis included ten (10) publications consisting of 1713 viral cirrhosis cases.…”

“…The treatment of SBP in viral hepatitis depends on the causative hepatitis virus [6,7]. The link between the severity of hepatitis-related viral cirrhosis and genotypes and subgenotypes has been documented [10].…”

Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for hepatitis C in a single-arm mechanistic pilot study

“…Drug resistance in association with particular viral genotypes and subtypes is also known to influence treatment outcome ( Silva Filipe et al, 2017 ; Gupta et al, 2019 ) and may predict who can be treated with shortened therapy. Vietnam has a high burden of genotype 6 HCV infection (around 35%) ( Irekeola et al, 2021 ), which is rare outside South East Asia and under-represented in clinical trials. Genotype 6 is the most genetically diverse HCV lineage ( Hedskog et al, 2019 ), raising concerns about the potential for emergence of resistant variants ( McPhee et al, 2019 ).…”

Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for Hepatitis C: a single arm mechanistic pilot study

“…Drug resistance in association with particular viral genotypes and subtypes is also know to influence treatment outcome 10,11 and may predict who can be treated with shortened therapy. Vietnam has a high burden of genotype 6 HCV infection (around 35%) 12 , which is rare outside South East Asia and under-represented in clinical trials. Genotype 6 is the most genetically diverse HCV lineage 13 , raising concerns about the potential for emergence of resistant variants 14 .…”