Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, by molecular and serological procedures, 1995-2002

Fiaccadori, Fabíola Souza; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Borges, Ana Maria Tavares; Cardoso, Divina das Dôres de Paula

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762006000400013

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[4–7] But, the result of a study in Tehran on cases of 6 months to 15-year olds showed that the incidence of HAV antibody was 22.3%. [1] Other studies in Brazil had reported the rate of HAV antibody in more than 80% of cases,[8] which are in agreement with our findings. Some other studies reported a higher rate of this antibody in Turkey and India.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Hepatitis A in young adults in the golestan province, northeast of Iran

Moradi

Khodabakhshi

Besharat

et al. 2010

J Global Infect Dis

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Hepatitis A in young adults in the golestan province, northeast of Iran

Moradi

Khodabakhshi

Besharat

et al. 2010

J Global Infect Dis

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“…Molecular epidemiology has shown that HAV subgenotype IA is the most prevalent globally, while subgenotype IB predominates in the Middle East [FitzSimons et al, 2010]. South American human HAV isolates have been characterized almost exclusively as subgenotype IA with the exception of Brazil, where subgenotype IB has also been reported in hepatitis A outbreaks [Costa‐Mattioli et al, 2001; de Paula et al, 2002] and in sporadic cases [de Paula et al, 2004; Fiaccadori et al, 2006; Villar et al, 2006b]. In addition, the co‐circulation of both subgenotypes IA and IB in hepatitis A outbreaks has also been reported [Costa‐Mattioli et al, 2001; de Paula et al, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to multiple subgenotypes of hepatitis a virus during an outbreak using matched serum and saliva specimens

Amado

Villar

Paula

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Virology

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Matched serum and saliva samples were collected simultaneously from 124 subjects exposed during a hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak at a daycare center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All samples were tested for IgM and total anti-HAV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). HAV was detected by nested PCR in serum, saliva, and water samples employing primers for the VP1/2A region of the viral RNA; all positive products were then sequenced. The viral load of the matched samples was determined by real-time PCR using the TaqMan system. HAV-RNA was identified by nested PCR in 37.7% of the saliva samples, 29% of the serum samples, and one drinking water sample. The mean HAV viral load was similar in the serum and saliva specimens (10(3) copies/ml). HAV genotypes IA and IB were detected in both specimen types, and the water sample isolate was classified as genotype IB, indicating the existence of more than one source of infection at the daycare center. In six infected patients, a different HAV subgenotype was found in their serum than in their saliva, and this unusual pattern of mixed HAV infection was investigated further by molecular cloning followed by nucleotide sequencing. All clones derived from the saliva samples belonged to subgenotype IB and shared 96.5-100% identity. However, clones derived from their corresponding serum sample belonged to subgenotype IA and shared 90.5-100% identity. This study showed the important role that non-invasive saliva samples can play in the molecular epidemiological analysis of a hepatitis A outbreak.

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“…In addition to these improvements, both a decrease in the circulation of HAV (Clemens et al 2000, Vitral et al 2006, 2008, Jacobsen & Wiersma 2010) and a progressive decline in the number of fatal HAV infections have been observed in all regions of Brazil (Vitral et al 2006). However, the HAV seroprevalence studies that have been performed have focused on the urban populations of Brazil that experience lower incidence rates than the rural populations (Ferreira et al 1996, Vitral et al 1998a, b, Clemens et al 2000, Zago-Gomes et al 2005, Dinelle et al 2006, Fiaccadori et al 2006, de Alencar Ximenes et al 2008, Krebs et al 2011. Having an accurate understanding of the epidemiology of HAV infection is important for understanding its effect on population groups that have not benefited from the recent improvements in sanitation conditions in Brazil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%