Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with liver disease in Eritrea

Abstract

Eritrea is an East African multiethnic country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. Our aim was to establish the most prevalent genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients with liver disease. A total of 293 Eritrean patients with liver disease who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled. All sera were tested for liver transaminases, HBV DNA viral load, and hepatitis B seromarkers including HBsAg, anti-HBcAb (total), HBeAg, and anti-HBeAb. Those reactive for HBsAg and anti-HBc (total) were further tested for HBV genotyping. The median (interquartile range) of HBV DNA viral load and ALT levels were 3.47 (1.66) log IU/mL and 28 (15.3) IU/L, respectively. Using type-specific primer-based genotyping method, 122/293 (41.6%) could be genotyped. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, HBV genotype D (21.3%) was the predominant circulating genotype, followed by genotypes C (17.2%), E (15.6%), C/D (13.1%), and C/E (10.7%). Genotypes C/D/E (7.4%), A/D (4.9%), D/E (4.1%), A (2.5%), and B, A/E, B/E, and A/D/C (0.8%) were also present. HBV in Eritrea is comprised of a mixture of HBV genotypes. This is the first study of HBV genotyping among patients with liver disease in Eritrea.

Mapping hepatitis B virus genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: a systematic review with meta-analysis

“…S4 . Briefly, one study was from each of the following countries; Cape Verde 111 , Angola 77 , Eretria 65 , Guinea Bissau 92 , Libya 68 , Malawi 76 , Mozambique 81 , Rwanda 60 and Uganda 57 with sample sizes 96, 30, 122, 26, 60, 20, 9, 45 and 93 respectively. Two studies were from each of the following countries; Benin 97 , 113 , DRC 62 , 64 , Mali 100 , 105 , Niger 95 , 109 and Senegal 86 , 99 with pooled sample sizes of 30, 123, 106, 47 and 119 respectively.…”

“…Overall, a sample of three thousand one hundred eighty-three (3183) participants was pooled from 59 eligible studies for inclusion in our data synthesis. By region, 10 studies [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] were from east Africa with a pooled sample size of 531, 7 studies [67][68][69][70][71][72][73] from north Africa with a pooled sample size of 621, 12 studies [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] from southern Africa with a pooled sample size of 483 and 30 studies 8,28, from west Africa with a pooled sample size of 1548. Only 23 countries out of the 54 African Union member countries (42.6%) had eligible studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis.…”

Molecular diversity of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

“…This finding is also consistent with neighboring countries Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania [ 36 – 39 ]. On the contrary, genotype D is predominantly detected in occult hepatitis HIV-infected patients and pregnant women in Ethiopia [ 40 , 41 ] and other neighboring countries Eritrea and Sudan [ 42 , 43 ]. Genotype E was not found in the current study.…”

Mapping Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes, Recombinant Genotypes and Sub- genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“…After removal of duplicates and screening all records, 60 studies meeting the previously described eligibility criteria were used in the meta-analysis. The article number and reason for exclusion in each screening steps are shown in Fig 1 . Overall, a sample of three thousand two hundred eighty-two (3,283) One study was from each of the following countries; Cape Verde(84), Angola (47), Eretria (35), Guinea Bissau(63), Libya(38), Malawi(46), Mozambique (51), Rwanda (30) and Uganda (27) with sample sizes 96, 30, 122, 26, 60, 20, 9, 45 and 93 respectively. the analyses, the heterogeneity remained high (I 2 >79%, p<0.05) and the random effect model (REM) was used to pool the genotype prevalence (Table 4, Figures 3 and 4).…”