Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Its Risk Factors among Patients Attending Rwanda Military Hospital, Rwanda

Umumararungu, Esperance; Ntaganda, Fabien; Kagira, John; Maina, Naomi

doi:10.1155/2017/5841272

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The observed significantly higher sero-prevalence in older individuals might be attributed to frequency of exposure. Similar findings were reported from studies done in: Rwanda [45], Egypt [46] and Madagascar [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Woldegiorgis

Erku

Medhin

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

16Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are the leading causes of 17 liver-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The magnitude of HBV and HCV 18 infections in Ethiopia has not been well studied at community level. This study aimed at 19 investigating the sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among HBV 20 unvaccinated community members in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 21 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts from March 22 to May 2018. Structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant clinical and socio-23 demographic data. Three milliliter of blood sample was collected from each study participant and 24 screened for HBV and HCV using one step hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test strip and one 25 step HCV test strip, respectively. Samples found positive for HBsAg were further tested using 26 immunoassay of Alere Determine TM HBsAg (Alere Inc., USA). Data was analyzed using SPSS 27 version 25.0. 28 Results: A total of 625 (51.4% males, age 6-80 years, mean age ± SD = 30.83 ± 13.51 years) 29 individuals participated in the study. The sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 8.0% as 30 detected using one step HBsAg test strip, while it was 7.2% using Alere Determine TM HBsAg 31 test. The sero-prevalence for HCV infection was 1.9%. Two (0.3%) of the participants were 32 seropositive for both HBV and HCV infections. High sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 33 associated with weakness and fatigue (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58, 17.15), while high sero-34 prevalence of HCV infection was associated with age group between 46 and 65 years (AOR = 35 13.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 152.41).36 Conclusion: this study revealed higher-intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection and low 37 to intermediate endemicity level of HCV infection in the study area. Clinical symptoms like 38 weakness and fatigue were found to be indictors for HBV infection, while individuals in the age 39 group between 46 and 65 years were at higher risk for HCV infection. Provision of community-40 based health education, vaccination, mass screening and providing treatment would have utmost 41 importance in reducing the transmission of these diseases in the present study area. 42 2 43 E viruses. Among these, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most 48 common causes of viral hepatitis [2]. 49 Both HBV and HCV can be transmitted through sexual, blood or vertically from mother-to-child 50 [3]. Thus, individuals who require blood transfusion, those who have multiple sexual partners 51 and infants born to HBV or HCV infected mothers are at a high-risk for acquiring HBV or 52 HCV infection [4]. Both viruses can cause acute and chronic infection of the liver [5, 6]. Chronic 53 HBV and HCV infections are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality [7, 8]. 54 Between 15% and 40% of chronically infected individuals can develop serious liver disease and 55 transmit the viruses to others [9, 10]. Globally, about 257 m...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Woldegiorgis

Erku

Medhin

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our finding of an HCV prevalence rate of 1.8% is substantially lower than other surveys conducted in Rwanda, which report HCV prevalence rates of 3.1% in the general population, 4.7% in HIV-infected adults and 9.6% in patients attending Rwanda Military Hospital. 7,21,39,46 However our findings are consistent with the HCV prevalence rates of 1.3% and 1.4% reported in Rwandan health care workers 40 and commercial sex workers, 39 respectively. We conjecture that these variations in HCV infection rates within Rwanda reflect the tendency of HCV to cluster within population subgroups and geographic areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Couples Attending Antenatal Care in a Rural Community in Rwanda

Majyambere

Nyerere

Nkaka

et al. 2019

EASci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Globally, over 325 and 170 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), respectively. If untreated, these infections can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, and factors associated with HBV and HCV among couples attending antenatal care in rural Rwanda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of HBV and HCV seroprevalence. Study participants were administered a brief structured questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for HBV and HCV. Participant blood samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) using rapid diagnostic kits; confirmatory testing was done by enzyme immunoassay and nucleic acid tests. HBV genotypes were determined using nested polymerase chain reaction; HCV genotypes were determined by reverse transcriptase PCR followed by hybridisation with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. Statistical associations between risk factors and infection status were determined using Chi-square tests and bivariate logistic regression. Results: In total, 220 individuals participated in the study. This includes 110 pregnant women and 110 male partners who were attending antenatal care at Gitare and Cyanika health centres. Two participants (0.9%) had serological evidence of HBV infection, and 4 participants (1.8%) were infected with HCV. HBV genotype A accounted for all HBV infections; HCV genotype 4 accounted for all HCV infections. None of the assessed factors were associated with HBV infection while occupation type and scarification were significantly associated with HCV infection (P values were .03 and <.01 respectively). All cases of infection were discordant with their respective partners. Conclusion: Prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HCV are low in couples attending antenatal clinics in rural Rwanda. Consideration should be given to interventions aimed at reducing the risk of transmission in discordant couples and infants of infected mothers.

show abstract

“…Association with tattooing and direct evidence to support tattooing has been documented. 22 In our report, the highest prevalence was seen at 30-39, this age group reflects maximum initiation for the service of a deity. Our findings collaborated with the report documented in Enugu South-eastern Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…21 The common cluster of risk factors (unprotected multiple sex, sacrification/tattooing, blood transfusion) recorded in this study is a common feature of most studies in Nigeria 19 and some part of Africa. 22 This could be explained by characteristics of African society where sacrifications are embedded in their custom/lifestyle for the service or worship of a deity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging risk factors associated with prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among Nigerians: Findings from blood donors in an academic hospital, Enugu South‐Eastern Nigeria

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim In Nigeria, reports on the prevalence of Hepatitis C risk factors have not been clearly elucidated, we investigate the risk factors that influence the prevalence and how the difference in awareness level of risk factors screening across age groups contributes to the disease. Methods A total of 8790 aged 18‐55 years old, who attended the Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Services, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu were screened. Among them, 135 were diagnosed with hepatitis C infection from 1 January 2017 to 1 January 2019. Participants completed a questionnaire related to demographics, risk factors, history of previous medical screening. Age groups, income and education were indicators. Multivariate analyses were used to identify correlates. Results A total of 135 blood donors (95 males and 40 females) with a mean age of 35.9 ± 10.5 and 36.4 ± 10.7 years respectively were positive for hepatitis C infection, giving overall prevalence (1.5%), injecting drug use (39%), unprotected multiple sex (22.2%), sacrification (14.8%), blood transfusion (11.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that injecting drug use (P < .0001), unprotected multiple sex (P = .004), sacrification (P = .036) were independent risk factors that influence the prevalence among younger age groups. Blood transfusion was not significant (P = .053) but the mostly accessed. Low income and educational background were significantly more prevalent among the studied group. Conclusion Injecting drug use, multiple sex and sacrification are independent predictors of prevalence of Hepatitis C infection. The early onset of the risk factors among the younger adult clearly underlines the need for early screening and interventions.

show abstract

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Its Risk Factors among Patients Attending Rwanda Military Hospital, Rwanda

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Couples Attending Antenatal Care in a Rural Community in Rwanda

Emerging risk factors associated with prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among Nigerians: Findings from blood donors in an academic hospital, Enugu South‐Eastern Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About