Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya

Muasya, T; Lore, W; Yano, Kunio; Yatsuhashi, Hiroshi; Owiti, FR; Fukuda, Masako; Tamada, MY; Kulundu, J; Tukei, J; Okoth, F A

doi:10.4314/eamj.v85i7.9649

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This findings relate to data from a study done on the prevalence of HCV and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya which estimates the prevalence in the general population to be between 0.2%-0.9% [20]. Much higher rates of 22.2% and 17.5% are also reported in other studies in Kenya [19], and Egypt [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses coinfection is common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to similar routes of transmission and high levels of poverty. Most studies on HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and C viruses have occurred in hospital settings and blood transfusion units. Data on Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV-1 coinfection in informal urban settlements in Kenya are scanty, yet they could partly explain the disproportionately high morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infections in these slums.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in urban slums in Nairobi.MethodsBlood samples were collected from residents of Viwandani and Korogocho between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data from participants. Samples were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV and anti-HIV-1. Statistical analysis was done using STATA.ResultsSamples were successfully collected from 418 (32%) men and 890 (68%) females. The HIV-1, HBV and HCV prevalence was 20.4%, 13.3% and 0.76% respectively at the time of the study. Of the 268 (20.4%) HIV-1 positive participants, 56 (4.26%) had HBV while 6 (0.46%) had HCV. Of the 1041 HIV-1 negative participants, 117 (8.9%) had HBV while 4 (0.31%) had HCV. Only two people (0.15%) were co-infected with all the three viruses together.DiscussionThe odds of getting hepatitis infection were higher in HIV-1 participants (for HBV OR 2.08,p<0.005 and for HCV OR 5.93, p<0.005). HIV prevalence rates were similar in both informal settlements. HIV infection was highest in age group 35-39 years and among the divorced/separated or widowed. Prevalence of all viruses was highest in those who did not have any formal education.ConclusionThe HIV prevalence in these informal settlements suggests a higher rate than what is observed nationally. The prevalence rates of HBV are significantly higher in the HIV-1 positive and negative populations. HCV as well as triple HIV-1, HBV and HCV coinfection are uncommon in Korogocho and Viwandani. This clearly indicates the need for HIV-1 control programmes and hepatitis B virus vaccination to be promoted through public awareness as preventive strategy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This result corresponds well with that of a previous study of Korean injecting drug users [Yun et al, 2008] as well as in patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease in Korea [Suh and Jeong, 2006]. In other countries, genotype 1a [Beld et al, 1998;Muasya et al, 2008;Novais et al, 2009] or 3a [Kalinina et al, 2001;Micalessi et al, 2008;Sereno et al, 2009;Demetriou et al, 2010;Mehta et al, 2010;Ciccozzi et al, 2011] were reported as the most common genotype among injecting drug users. With regard to the treatment outcome, genotype 1 is generally associated with lower rates of the complete eradication with interferon a therapy [Scott and Gretch, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and associated clinical characteristics of hepatitis B, C, and HIV infections among injecting drug users in Korea

Min

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Injecting drug use is associated with an increased risk of blood-borne viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, their prevalence, virological characteristics, and associated factors are not clear among the injecting drug users in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection, as well as their virological and clinical characteristics of injecting drug users in South Korea. Between 2007 and 2010, 318 injecting drug users (89.3% male; mean ± age 41.9 ± 8.15 years) were participated. While HIV infection was not found, the seroprevalence of anti-HCV and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was 48.4% (n = 154) and 6.6% (n = 21), respectively. HBV/HCV co-infection was found in 4.1% (n = 13). Occult HBV infection was suggested in 5.0% (n = 16). Among the HCV genotypes, 1b (37.7%) and 2a/2c (35.7%) were mostly often detected. HCV RNA was detected in 98.1% (n = 151/154) and high-level viremia (HCV RNA level, ≥400,000 IU/ml) were observed in 59.6% (n = 90/151). In multiple logistic regression analysis, old age (OR 1.18 per year, 95% CI = 1.09-1.27) and ever-sharing injecting equipment (OR 4.17, 95% CI = 1.39-12.45) independently predicted HCV mono-infection. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection were high but largely undiagnosed in the present sample of Korean injecting drug users. Strategic prevention, screening, and treatment are needed to reduce further transmission and morbidity.

show abstract

“…The highest HCV seroprevalence estimate identifi ed was recorded in Kenya in a sample population of 145 injecting drug users (46% with HCV). 22 By contrast, analysis of the 20 liver disease cohorts showed an overall pooled HCV seroprevalence estimate of 9·95% (fi gure 3, appendix). Although estimated levels of infection were similar in west and southeast Africa, in the central region the pooled seroprevalence of HCV in liver disease cohorts was 2·5% (fi gure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hepatitis C seroprevalence and HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rao

Johari

Cros

et al. 2015

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CitationHepatitis C seroprevalence and HIV co-infection in subSaharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SummaryBackground An estimated 150 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HIV co-infection accelerates the progression of HCV and represents a major public health challenge. We aimed to determine the epidemiology of HCV and the prevalence of HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa.

show abstract

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Prevalence and associated clinical characteristics of hepatitis B, C, and HIV infections among injecting drug users in Korea

Hepatitis C seroprevalence and HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About