Prevalence of high-risk pregnancy among pregnant women enrolled under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan in government health facilities of district Etawah, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background: According to the Sample Registration System report, India has reduced the maternal mortality rate from 130 per 100,000 live births in 2014–2016 to 113 per 100,000 live births in 2016–2018. The main purpose of antenatal care is to identify “high-risk” cases as early as possible from a large group of antenatal mothers and provide them skilled and appropriate care. Objective: To determine the prevalence of high-risk pregnancy (HRP) in pregnant females availing services under pradhan mantri surakshit matritva abhiyan (PMSMA) and to assess awareness of pregnant mothers about services provided under PMSMA in district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 female beneficiaries who were registered under the PMSMA scheme and delivered their baby at any government health facility during one year of study period. Results: It was observed that from all the antenatal women visiting the community health center for HRP day under the PMSMA scheme, 162 (40.5%) were categorized as HRPs and 238 (59.6%) of them were nonhigh-risk pregnancies. A statistically significant association was observed ( P -value = 0.005 at 95% CI) between the difference in the proportion of HRPs and the educational status of the pregnant mothers. Out of 400 beneficiaries, 167 (41.75%) were aware of the PMSMA scheme. Conclusion: Regular antenatal care (ANC) check-ups, early identification of HRP, health education, and timely screening are needed to reduce maternal mortality.

Comparing Non-Stress Test versus Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry among Aample of High-risk Pregnant Women in Erbil City

“…Regarding the baseline sociodemographic data, it was observed that there were no differences between the two groups. As well as, (16) which revealed that, the mother educationalschool 253 (63.25%) was under high school but 147 (36.75%) mothers were below high school. Furthermore, (9) The statistical analysis in the current study expressed that, Parity and gravidity do not statistically differ from one another.…”

“…According to the ACOG, cardiotopography was used to classify non-stress test results as reactive or nonreactive. The reactive CTG contain the following features (baseline fetal heart 110-160 bpm , variability 5-25 bpm ,no decelerations , 2 or more accelerations in 20-30 minute) ( 15,16,17,18 ) Second method (Umbilical artery Doppler): Doppler ultrasonography of the umbilical arteries was carried out at 32 weeks or more of gestation using a semi-recumbent sitting with a modest lateral tilt to prevent inferior vena cava pressure by the gravid uterus (18 ,19, 20) , and Both automatic and manual tracing were used to construct the spectral wave shape for the umbilical artery that was created (9) . Trans-abdominal ultrasound was used to measure indices of umbilical artery and the resistive index(RI).…”

Quantifying the Occurrence of High-Risk Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Survey

“…This aligns with national statistics from the National Health Portal of India, which estimates the prevalence of HRPs in the range of 20% to 30% [ 3 ]. Regional studies further illustrate variability, with a community-based study in Haryana reporting an incidence of 31.4% [ 8 ], while in Uttar Pradesh, 40.5% of antenatal mothers visiting Community Health Centers (CHCs) were identified as high-risk [ 9 ]. Conversely, a record-based retrospective study in Madhya Pradesh found a lower prevalence of HRP at 16.5% [ 10 ].…”

“…Pregnancy imposes significant demands on thyroid hormone production, rendering pregnant women more susceptible to hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of genetic diseases or autoimmune disorders. Hormonal replacement therapy stands as the primary treatment for hypothyroidism during pregnancy [ 9 ]. Though hypertension in pregnancy remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, including India, we identified it as a second major high-risk condition.…”