Prevalence of human and non-human primate Plasmodium parasites in anopheline mosquitoes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study in Southern Vietnam

Chinh, Vu Duc; Masuda, Gaku; Hung, Vu Viet; Takagi, Hidekazu; Kawai, Shinya; Annoura, Takeshi; Maeno, Yoshimasa

doi:10.1186/s41182-019-0139-8

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The association between thalassemias and P. vivax morbidity and mortality, however, remains unknown and is a necessary component to understanding the relationship between malarial types and the emergence of thalassemias in the region 38 . Rarer still, Plasmodium variants commonly found in Southeast Asian forest macaques have also been known to transfer to humans 39 , an important local reservoir in communities in Vietnam 40 . Potential human to non-human primate interactions may also factor into the relationship between malaria and thalassemia in the prehistory of the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Vlok

Buckley

Miszkiewicz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Vlok

Buckley

Miszkiewicz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…This could possibly explain the reason for a higher proportion of macaques were captured in rural areas (77.4%). Nevertheless, the competent vector for Plasmodium knowlesi which is Anopheles leucospyrus that is associated with forest fringe and dense forest might elucidate their higher risk to carry the parasite [42]. Such variation of Plasmodium knowlesi prevalence among macaques between rural and urban areas has also been reported in the literature [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Distribution and Prevalence of Plasmodium Knowlesi Among Macaques In Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Zamzuri

Hassan

Hod

2020

Preprint

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Background Plasmodium knowlesi infection has significant morbidity and mortality impact in Malaysia. This zoonotic malaria parasite is naturally transmissible from macaque to humans in the presence of a competent vector. Human encroachment towards the habitat of macaque has further increased the risk. Stratifying the potential risk of transmission based on the burden of parasite among macaque in a particular area can be the first step for public health intervention. Thus, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Plasmodium knowlesi parasite among macaque in Negeri Sembilan and determine its associated factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sampling technique. A total of 212 blood samples from macaques in Negeri Sembilan were collected from seven districts. The Plasmodium spp. infecting the macaques were identified using Real-Time PCR assays on DNA extracted from these blood samples. Statistical tests were done to examine the factors associated with Plasmodium knowlesi infection in the macaque population. RESULT The overall prevalence of Plasmodium knowlesi among macaque in Negeri Sembilan state was 36.3%. Both long-tailed macaque and short-tailed macaque harboured the parasite within them. Co-infection with several malaria parasites were seen in 35.5% of Plasmodium spp positive results. The only significant associated factors in the prevalence of Plasmodium knowlesi were the type of locality (rural vs. urban) and the districts where the macaques were trapped. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Plasmodium knowlesi infection among macaques varied between districts in Negeri Sembilan. The presence of zoonotic malaria parasites among the population of macaque that live in close proximity with the community possesses a potential risk of transmission. Therefore, robust public health advocacy targeting high-risk areas is deemed necessary.

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“…Finally, 13 studies were included in the present study. Out of the 13 studies selected, 7 studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] reporting on P. cynomolgi infection in macaques, 3 studies [18][19][20] reporting on P. cynomolgi infection in humans, and 3 studies [21][22][23] reporting on P. cynomolgi infection in mosquitoes were included in the final analysis.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table 1. Thirteen studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] reporting the prevalence or incidence of naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in humans (3 studies, 21 cases), mosquitoes (3 studies, 26 cases), and macaques (7 studies, 334 cases) were included for qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Details of P. cynomolgi mono and mixed infections in humans, Anopheles, and macaques are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary review on the prevalence, proportion, geographical distribution, and characteristics of naturally acquired Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in mosquitoes, macaques, and humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Plasmodium cynomolgi is a simian malaria parasite that has been reported as a naturally acquired human infection. The present study aims to systematically review reports on naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in humans, mosquitoes, and macaques to provide relevant data for pre-emptive surveillance and preparation in the event of an outbreak of zoonotic malaria in Southeast Asia. Methods The protocol of the systematic review was registered at PROSPERO with approval ID CRD42020203046. Three databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE) were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of P. cynomolgi infections in Southeast Asian countries between 1946 and 2020. The pooled prevalence or pooled proportion of P. cynomolgi parasitemia in humans, mosquitoes, and macaques was estimated using a random-effects model. Differences in the clinical characteristics of P. cynomolgi infections were also estimated using a random-effects model and presented as pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Thirteen studies reporting on the prevalence of naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in humans (3 studies, 21 cases), mosquitoes (3 studies, 28 cases), and macaques (7 studies, 334 cases) were included. The results demonstrated that the pooled proportion of naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in humans was 1% (95% CI, 0.1%, I2, 0%), while the pooled proportion of P. cynomolgi infecting mosquitoes was 18% (95% CI, 10–26%, I2, 32.7%). The pooled prevalence of naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in macaques was 47% (95% CI, 27–67%, I2, 98.3%). Most of the cases of naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in humans were reported in Cambodia (62%) and Malaysia (38%), while cases of P. cynomolgi in macaques were reported in Malaysia (35.4%), Singapore (23.2%), Indonesia (17.3%), Philippines (8.5%), Laos (7.93%), and Cambodia (7.65%). Cases of P. cynomolgi in mosquitoes were reported in Vietnam (76.9%) and Malaysia (23.1%). Conclusions This study demonstrated the occurrence of naturally acquired P. cynomolgi infection in humans, mosquitoes, and macaques. Further studies of P. cynomolgi in asymptomatic human cases in areas where vectors and natural hosts are endemic are extensively needed if human infections with P. cynomolgi do become public health problems.

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Prevalence of human and non-human primate Plasmodium parasites in anopheline mosquitoes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study in Southern Vietnam

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Distribution and Prevalence of Plasmodium Knowlesi Among Macaques In Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Preliminary review on the prevalence, proportion, geographical distribution, and characteristics of naturally acquired Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in mosquitoes, macaques, and humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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