Prevalence of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome in female to male transsexuals

Becerra-Fernández, Antonio; López, Gilberto Pérez; Román, Miriam Menacho; Martín-Lázaro, Juan; Pérez, María José Cano; Araque, Nuria Asenjo; Rodríguez-Molina, José Miguel; Sertucha, María Carmen Berrocal; Vilas, María Victorina Aguilar

doi:10.1016/j.endoen.2014.06.012

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[ 8 ] Antonio's studies have shown that the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) in transgender people is higher than that in the control group, and the symptoms are very similar. [ 9 ] Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary subject aimed at a comprehensive theory and tool, using a variety of disciplines to clarify and interpret huge biomedical data that contains the biological significance, thus to reveal and understand molecular mechanism of disease occurrence. [ 10 ] As the continuous accumulation of biological data resources with the characteristics of big data and the opening of precision medicine strategic plan, the importance of bioinformatics is becoming increasingly obvious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term hormone therapy after SEGeneration may also have an impact on the body of transgender people [8] . Antonio's studies have shown that the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) in transgender people is higher than that in the control group, and the symptoms are very similar [9] . Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary subject aimed at a comprehensive theory and tool, using a variety of disciplines to clarify and interpret huge biomedical data that contains the biological significance, thus to reveal and understand molecular mechanism of disease occurrence [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the similarly expressed genes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and transsexuals

2021

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female infertility, which may be caused by excessive androgen, but its mechanism remains unknown. Transsexuals are women who take androgen drugs for a long time, and gradually have male signs. Their ovaries may have received high concentrations of androgen, which leads to the failure of ovarian reproductive function. Therefore, we searched the relevant data of PCOS and transsexuals in gene expression omnibus database, used limma package to identify the most similarly genes, and then analyzed the possible mechanism of PCOS through gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Then, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed by searching the String database, and the top 5 hub genes were identified by the cytohubba plug-in of Cytoscape. Finally, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 E1 (UBE2E1), ubiquitin C (UBC), transcription elongation factor B subunit 1 (TCEB1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N (UBE2N), and ring finger protein 7 (RNF7) genes were identified as the most similarly expressed genes between PCOS and Transsexuals. They may cause the ubiquitination of androgen receptor and eventually lead to sinus follicular growth arrest. In conclusion, 5 Central genes were identified in PCOS and transsexuals. These genes can be used as targets for early diagnosis or treatment of PCOS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the similarly expressed genes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and transsexuals

2021

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Ovarian Histopathology in Transmasculine Persons on Testosterone: A Multicenter Case Series

Grimstad

Fowler

New

et al. 2020

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Background As transmasculine persons utilize androgen gender affirming hormone therapy as a part of transition, guidance has been lacking on the effects of the therapy on the ovaries, especially for those who may desire retention. Aim To describe the ovarian histopathology of transmasculine persons on testosterone therapy following oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy performed for gender affirmation. Methods This was a multicenter case series study of transmasculine patients on testosterone therapy who underwent hysterectomy with oophorectomy for gender affirmation between January 2015 and December 2017 at 5 tertiary care referral centers. Patients were identified by their current procedural and International Classification of Diseases codes. Outcomes Pre-, perioperative, and pathologic data were obtained from the electronic medical records and ovarian tissue descriptions from pathology reports were grouped into the following classifications: (i) simple/follicular cysts; (ii) polycystic ovaries; (iii) complex cysts; (iv) endometriomas; (v) other masses; (vi) atrophy; and (vii) normal. Results 85 patients were included in the study. At the time of oophorectomy, the mean age and body mass index of the cohort were 30.4 ± 8.4 years and 30.2 ± 7.3 kg/m2, respectively, and the average interval from the initiation of testosterone to oophorectomy was 36 0.3 ± 37.9 months. On examination of ovarian histopathology, 49.4% (42) of specimens were found to have follicular/simple cysts, 5.9% (5) were polycystic, and 38.8% (33) had normal pathology. For those specimens with volume documented (n = 41), the median volume was 9.6 (range 1.5–82.5) cm3. There was no association between the duration of testosterone therapy or body mass index and the presence of cysts in the ovaries. Clinical Implications The results of this study reported benign histopathology in ovaries of a large cohort of transmasculine persons on testosterone which should be included when counseling patients on ovarian retention, as transmasculine patients may choose to retain their ovaries while on testosterone for a variety of reasons (including no desire to undergo surgery, desire for backup sex steroids, and potential use for future fertility). Strengths & Limitations This is a large multicenter study seeking to address the uncertainty in present counseling surrounding ovarian conservation in transmasculine persons on testosterone therapy. Its limitations included its retrospective nature and inability to address ovarian function after testosterone discontinuance. Conclusion In this cohort of transmasculine patients on testosterone therapy undergoing hysterectomy with oophorectomy for gender affirmation, ovarian histopathology was benign in all the specimens.

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Practical Approach to Hyperandrogenism in Women

Sharma

Welt

2021

Medical Clinics of North America

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Prevalence of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome in female to male transsexuals

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of the similarly expressed genes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and transsexuals

Identification of the similarly expressed genes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and transsexuals

Ovarian Histopathology in Transmasculine Persons on Testosterone: A Multicenter Case Series

Practical Approach to Hyperandrogenism in Women

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